The Jungle 2 Essay Example For Students

The Jungle 2 Essay Sinclair’s book ,The Jungle probably had to do the most with the fact that he himself was a Socialist. He was brought up in Baltimore, and his family was considerately poor. His father was not very successful at his job and for this reason it seems good to believe he became a Socialist because in communist countries it is said that all people are treated equal. An opposite of this book would be â€Å"Animal Farm†, which Sinclair has probably never read. This other novel shows the bad sides of Socialism and it ends with the rules saying, â€Å"All animals are considered equal, but some are more equal than others†. We will write a custom essay on The Jungle 2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now In this book it shows that a hard worker is not rewarded and is only disposed of once he becomes a burden. The life of Sinclair and his book is reflected upon only because he uses his opinions in the book. In his book, he made a financial breakthrough and had his first successful novel. Sinclair has written many books dealing with the problems of capitalism and the solutions of communism which is not fair because he writes nothing good of capitalism and it’s benefits. He also wrote other books on his wisdom he had gained and relegion. He frequently tried for office but never succeeded. His publications were originally made mostly by publishing them himself. The story itself takes place in Chicago with a group of immigrants. They come to the U.S. and discover it’s a cruel, harsh world. First, though, this group goes through a series of trials. The first is a marr iage which costs much money, and the second is a death. After this, comes a house which is sold to the one couple for three times the value of the house. It’s at this time that the parents and other groups move into this house. One character goes into a meat packing business where he learns of unsanitary conditions. The second is a musician which is currently down on his luck and his wife goes out to work. After a while the first character breaks his arm and loses time at work and is then not received back. He learns at this point when you are new, they will accept you, but once injured they throw out the crippled. At this point this character talks to a Socialist and begins to travel to meetings. But first he returns to his job. And at the point of return he becomes a manager. After his first Socialist rally, he listens mainly to two people, one a ex-professor whose has become a philosopher and the other who is currently an evangelist who has become a traveler.

Instruction Set essays

Instruction Set essays It has become increasingly popular to build one's own computer. In many cases, it saves money, and guarantees that you get what you want. Building your own computer also assures that you avoid the proprietary designs many companies use to utilize to keep the customers coming back for new parts. Most importantly, having built the system, you become very familiar with your system and with computers in general. There is no reason not to tackle the project of building your own computer. A very basic knowledge is required, and you can learn as you go! Upon having researched the quality of the parts you want to use to build your computer, you will need the following basic items to assemble your processor: CPU (central processing unit) Video card (optional but very recommended) The accessories needed to put together your processor should come with each of the components purchased. However, the basic screws that will be required are the following: Smaller screws (these are just like the chassis screws, but have a smaller diameter) Spacers (snap-in and standard) There are a variety of different tools you may need while building your system. Here are a few of the most common ones: Magnetized Phillips head screwdriver Regular Phillips head screwdriver The entire installation process of the components should take approximately an hour, but this all depends on the level of experience and knowledge of the builder. There are a few things that you should be aware of when you are building your computer so you don't hurt yourself or damage any of the components. Make sure you ground yourself by touching an uncoated part of your computer's chassis prior to touching any of the components. It is recommended to wear the anti-static strap. Be careful of sharp edges within your case Only handle PCB's (your motherboard, video card, etc) from th...

Observation of a biligual child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Observation of a biligual child - Essay Example The class that I am observing is a key stage one classroom which is a year one class and the children are aged between five and six. The classroom environment is filled with exciting displays and a separate display for language of the month which is currently Urdi. According to Baker (2006) the school setting is vital in developing the first language of any bilingual pupil. The children are split into different grouping according to their abilities. Flowers is the theme of this classroom daffodils, tulips, lilies and poppies this is their abilities settings for numeracy reading and literacy there is a BTA ( Bilingual teaching assistant) in class as well she will work with the EAL children ( English as an additional language) regardless of their abilities. Research (Cummins 1981, Collier and Thomas 1989) show that, it takes as long as seven years for EAL pupils to acquire a level of English proficiency compared to their monolingual peers. Teachers cannot wait till EAL pupils to develop high levels of English language ability before embarking on the demands of the national curriculum but must enable pupils to participate in curriculum context learning while they are simultaneously learning English (Gravelle, 2000) children's use of language in school differs from the language used outside of school. In addition, different academic subjects' areas have specific genres or registers. An important aspect of an inclusive curriculum is that the mainstream class teacher and the EAL/EMAG specialist should work together; to ensure that academic context is linked to language objectives and that language objectives are compatible with academic context. The lesson that I was observing was a literacy lesson and the teacher firstly went over the class rules which took approximately ten minutes then we started our literacy lesson the Bilingual Teaching Assistant (BTA) sat with the four EAL focus children on one table when there is a BTA in a classroom she always sits with the EAL children regardless of their abilities. The children in the group where Somalia and Tamil speakers (Some of them came from war torn countries and have seen a lot of war and poverty). The literacy lesson was to understand the features of a non- chronological report, such as an introduction impersonal language and present tense. The teacher asked the children what the features where of a non chronological report a Somalian child put his hand up and said "not in order" although his answer was partly correct when the teacher asked him to explain what he meant he was not able to answer even with the BTA help the teacher did not take into account of his English know ledge may not be enough to explain his thoughts further. The BTA was able to explain clearly in his home language as well as use a white board to record their thoughts and draw a diagram as a visual aid the BTA praised all the children relevantly. Moreover as the focus children in group two were Somalia speakers the BTA was able to explain clearly in their home language as well as used a white board to record their thoughts and also used a sheet containing a diagram of visual aid. The BTA praised all the children relevantly however, being one of the largest multi ethnic school in the

Modes of Persuasion in the Message of the Northrop Grumman Corporation Essay

Modes of Persuasion in the Message of the Northrop Grumman Corporation - Essay Example The company maintains that it covers the five basic areas of defense, namely aerospace, electronics, information, shipbuilding, and technical services (Northrop Grumman Corporation, 2011). By stating that it covers all the major areas of defense, the company is making use of logos, that is reasoning, in order to establish its mastery over the field, and to gain the confidence of the buyers. Similarly, it states that it has had the U.S. government as its customers for over seventy years (Northrop Grumman Corporation, 2011). Again, this is a use of logos, because if the U.S. government is an old and continuing customer, then it follows that the company must deliver what it promises, and therefore, must be the top in its area. Therefore, the customer is drawn to the company due to the use of logos in their message. The company gives its history and states its evolution into a corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation, 2011). It traces its development through the years and points out the periods of growth in its journey (Northrop Grumman Corporation, 2011), thereby developing credibility or ethos in its customers. It also gives the statistical figure of the thousands of workers that it employs (Northrop Grumman Corporation, 2011), further strengthening the credibility of the readers of their message; if a company has a clean and developing history, and if it employs so many workers, then there could be no doubts about its credibility. The message, hence, has effectively used the technique of ethos to appeal to its customers. The statistics about the employees (Northrop Grumman Corporation, 2011) can also serve as pathos or emotional motivation. Moreover,  it states that   it  has been constantly improving in  terms of techniques  and business (Northrop   Grumman   Corporation, 2011), further  making use of pathos. It states that   it  has been constantly improving in terms of   techniques  and business (Northrop   Grumman   Corporation, 2011), further  making use of pathos.

Amenorrhea in Adolescent Girls Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amenorrhea in Adolescent Girls - Assignment Example Once their menstruation starts, many go for the contraceptives to prevent teenage pregnancies. Even though some use the condoms and pills, there are those that go for long term contraceptives such as intrauterine devices or implants which affect the menstrual flow. The implants for example have hormones that interfere with the body hormones causing the menstrual flow to cease or complete become absent (Hayon, et al. 2013). Adolescents in a bid to find their niche have body image issues and majority are even diagnosed with anorexia nervosa for lack of eating enough as well as vomiting after eating to remain skinny. With increased lack of food in the body, the menstrual flow starts thinning and may go to the extent of completely stopping (Faust, et al. 2013). The intense exercises some of these adolescents engage in as extracurricular activities in school interfere with the body weight leading to the menses ceasing. This is so because there is suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (Gordon, 2010). The stress of the exercises also contributes to the lack of menstrual flow. Identification of the cause of amenorrhea in this adolescent group is easier than trying to discuss it with the patient and getting them to undergo therapy to correct the problem. The first thing in this process is to create a rapport with the adolescent by making them see you understand their problem and what they are going through (Gordon, 2010). This can be obtained even through provision of acceptable personal stories from adolescent years. This will create a level of trust and open up the female for discussion about correcting the problem. The other key to discuss with the patient is to get a young female doctor whom they are likely to adore and listen to and whom they admire. The sessions should be discussion letting the adolescent engage as well and making the solutions seem to come from them rather than the

Influence of Social Inequalities on Life Chances and Health

Influence of Social Inequalities on Life Chances and Health THE CONTEMPORARY NATURE OF SOCIETY AND THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL INEQUALITIES ON THE LIFE CHANCES AND HEALTH STATUS OF INDIVIDUAL 2.1  Use data to explain inequalities which exist in health and social care Social Inequality is the existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society (Moffitt, 2015). The distribution of social and healthcare is determined by a wide variety of factors which include individual factors as age, sex, social and national factors. There is growing evidence of inequalities in both the distribution and access to health and social care. In 2016, the equality trust organization in the United Kingdom (UK) reports that, compared with other developed countries, the UK has a very high level of income inequality. They explained that Households in the bottom 10% of the population have on average a net annual income of  £9277 whereas the top 10% have a net annual income over ten times what is earned by the bottom 10%. The implication for this is that the people who fall within the bottom 10% of the population will not be able to access quality health care while at the same time maintaining a good standard of living. It can be said arguably that more than 50% of the incomes of these people are spent on housing. In Great Britain, wealth is even more unequally divided than income. 45% of all wealth is held by the richest 10% and the poorest 50% by contrast own just 8.7% (Equalitytrust.org.uk, 2016). Societys categorization contributes to the difference in life expectancy in different regions. Office for National Statistics (ONS) reports that over a two year span from 2012 to 2014, life expectancy in Kensington and Chelsea was highest in the UK and Blackpool had the lowest life expectancy (74.7) for new born babies. This can be attributed to societys constructs, for example, people in Chelsea and Kensington are classified as rich and therefore have a high standard of living than people in Blackpool who are classified as poor. That means people in the rich communities of Kensington and Chelsea may have longer life expectancy because they can afford better social services than those in Blackpool. Most of the people in these rich communities are gainfully employed and earn much more income even for the same service of job than those in the poor communities. Further to this, a report on Blackpool in 1990 suggests that it is not really social class but the age structure and patterns o f employment of people in the lowest social classes that really explain the differences. Overall, life expectancy has steadily increased in the UK but some communities have higher life expectancy than others (www.ons.gov.uk, 2016). However this gap in the life expectancy can be narrowed with evenly distribution and access to health and social care in the society. One of the ways through which inequality in the distribution of health can be measured is morbidity and mortality. ONS reports that cancer was the cause of about 28% deaths that occurred in 2015 and 26% in circulatory diseases. Again, it can arguably be concluded that, people in the high social class bracket are more exposed to such circulatory disease whereas people in the low class bracket die of preventable diseases. In our traditional society, people in the lowest social class have a higher proportion of older people working in more dangerous industries so they are likely to have higher levels of illness than those engage in less dangerous work. The fact that education is a strong predictor of infant and maternal mortality, adult morbidity and mortality and a range of life course developmental and health outcomes is well supported by research evidence (Bartley, 2007). 2.2  Social inequalities from sociological perspective Sociologists study health and illness not only because they go to issues at the center of human existence but because they help us understand how society works (White, 2009). To the sociologist point of view, the experience of sickness and disease is an outcome of how society works. For example, poor living conditions in some parts of Liverpool can be attributed to the cause of diseases and high mortality. In addition, poor housing environment, smoking, drugs, unhealthy eating, obesity, lack of exercise to lose weight all contribute to poor living conditions. Even when living conditions are improved and medical practices also improved but inequalities based on class, gender and ethnicity are not tackled, the difference between the rich and poor will persist and widen. Diseases and inequality are often linked. The outcome of the uneven distribution of political, social and economic resources necessary for a healthy life is the social gradient of health. Those at the top of the social system are healthier and live longer while those at the bottom are sicker and do often die from preventable diseases and accidents. It is assumed that health differences are biological. For example, in Liverpool, a household will be smoking since generation and this contribute to unhealthy life styles and death. Inequalities in health are not only common between people of different socio-economic groups but they can exist between different genders, different ethnic groups, and the elderly. We need to also consider the inter-generational causes of health inequalities. In this instance, inequalities in health are passed from generations. This is not only to do with genetic factors, but the mothers health behaviours during pregnancy and circumstances and behaviour as they raise their children (Barker, 1992). Sociologically, social inequality as a social problem encompasses three dimensions, namely, ideological supports, social reforms and structural condition. Structural conditions include things that contribute to social inequality and can be measured objectively, for example, wealth, poverty, education. Ideological supports are the ideas and assumptions that support social inequality present in a society e.g. formal laws and public policies. Social reforms includes things such as social movements, organized resistance and protest groups. Marxism which views society as conflictual and exploitative holds that inequality in health arise because people value higher profits than health. Marx believed that social class was based on economic factors. The Functionalist theorists believe that inequality is inevitable but desirable and plays an important function in society. As such, a level of inequality is acceptable in society. Important positions in society require more training and thus should receive more rewards such as high pay or status to attract the most talented people. Social stratification and social inequality, according to this view, lead to a meritocracy based on ability. They see modern societies such as UK as meritocratic, to a large extent. By this status is achieved and based on individual ability, occupational positions are allocated. Many sociologists have used the Registrar Generals scale of working class and middle class in the past, in order to measure social class. Conflict theorists, on the other hand, view inequality as a result of groups with power dominating groups with less power. They believe that social inequality hinders societal progress as people in order to maintain the status quo those in power repress the powerless. In todays world, domination is achieved primarily through the power of ideology i.e. our beliefs, views, thoughts, norms, values, world views and expectations through a process known as cultural hegemony. 2.3 How inequalities which exist in health and social care can impact on an individuals health status and life chances. Social inequalities that exist in health and social care impact on the individuals health and life chances. These impacts may be seen as advantage for some group of people but negative for others. The privilege ones who find themselves at the better side of the inequality will be well off than the others. Health is determined by several factors including genetic inheritance, personal behaviors, access to quality health care, and general external environment. The inequalities that exist in health can be measured in terms of inequalities in conditions such as wealth and material goods. The inequality in income affects the access to social care and health. Those with high incomes are better off and can afford to pay for extra services besides the basic ones guaranteed to all by the government. The difference this makes is that, the individual who may be able to afford these extra services is less likely to die from preventable diseases. The individual with low income may enjoy only basic social and health care which may not cover the needs at the moment. The end result of this individual is shorter life expectancy. The inability to afford better housing services and live in better communities exposes the individual to a high morbidity. One aspect of society that is gaining attention in todays society is the discrimination in gender. On Friday, 9th December, 2016, a panelist on ITV news discussion comment toys meant for boys and girls and identifying colours with gender at an early age. According to the discussion, the stereotyping isnt healthy for a society and efforts must be made to reduce and eventually erase the ideology in the minds of children at early age. They are advocating retailers to stop categorizing toys by gender. Like the functionalist theory holds, this form of stereotyping is inevitable thus it can only be reduced and not erased. Gender inequality can still be found also in the workplace today despite equality laws such as the Sex Discrimination Act. Divisions based on gender can be seen in the gender pay gap and under-representation of women in politics. However, the numbers of females going into higher education and entering professional careers such as medicine amongst others is increasing. A persons career and aspirations may not be achieved due to inequality in social care and health. For instance where, the inequality in health is attributed to a genetic issue. The individual may be limited by society in certain endeavours. By reason of a persons impairment, the individual faces stereotyping in the community even in schools. However, this notion is gradually fading out in the UK as efforts are being made to bridge the gap between people of learning ages for example in schools, and visually impaired are provided with brails and learning aids to foster learning. In contemporary Britain, some sociologists, however, see inequality based on ethnicity as the most important cause of social division. For example, members of some minority ethnic groups underperform at school and experience higher levels of unemployment compared with other groups. Women, older people and children are at more risk of poverty than other groups. Other sociologists also argue that inequalities based on gender, ethnicity, class and age are all significant in todays society, and therefore, they are seen as interlinked aspects of inequalities rather than as completely separate aspects. People of African Caribbean background are more likely to be in occupations that are classified as working class. This impact on their chances of upward social mobility. This may also have consequences for their childrens life chances including educational opportunities. Many sociologists argue that social class remains an important concept because social class still impacts on peoples daily lives. Class-based inequalities in life chances persist in the 21st century. So, while class may have changed, it has not declined. Over the last 40 years, reforms in such areas as education and employment have addressed different aspects of gender inequality. For example, introduction of anti-discrimination laws such as the Equal Pay Act (1970) by government to reduce gender inequalities. Other reforms and policies have been made to address inequality based on ethnicity in areas such as education, employment, and criminal justice. Through funding bodies such as the Equality and Human Rights Commission which enforces equality laws governments have tried to reduce inequalities between different ethnic groups as well as through legislature such as the Race Relations Act in the 1970s. In conclusion, although there has been a reduction in social inequalities in our society, there exists however, a gradient between people from affluent backgrounds and individuals from disadvantaged backgrounds. For a fact, a country where wealth is evenly distributed, these kinds of issues of social inequalities are at minimum. But until the UK gets to a level of even wealth distribution, efforts and continued vigilance will be required by all to help curb the problem. References Barker, DJP, editor. Fetal and infant origins of adult disease. London: BMJ Books; 1992. Bartley, M., Head, J. and Stansfeld, S. (2007). Is attachment style a source of resilience against health inequalities at work?. Social Science Medicine, 64(4), pp.765- 775. Equalitytrust.org.uk. (2016). The Scale of Economic Inequality in the UK | The Equality Trust. [online] Available at: https://www.equalitytrust.org.uk/scale-economic-inequality-uk [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Haralambos, M. and Holborn, M. (2008). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. London: Collins. Health Knowledge. (2016). Inequalities in the distribution of health and health care and its access, including inequalities relating to social class, gender, culture and ethnicity, and their causes. [online] Available at: http://www.healthknowledge.org.uk/public-health-textbook/medical-sociology- policy-economics/4c-equality-equity-policy/inequalities-distribution [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Moffitt, K. (2015). What Is Social Inequality in Sociology? Definition, Effects Causes [online] Available at: http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-social-inequality-in-sociology-definition- effects-causes.html [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Nettleton, S (1995). The Sociology of Health Illness Ons.gov.uk. (2016). Deaths registered in England and Wales- Office for National Statistics.[online]Availablat: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriag es/deaths/bulletins/deathsregistrationsummarytables/2015 [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. Ons.gov.uk. (2016). Life expectancies- Office for National Statistics. [online] Available at: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriag es/lifeexpectancies [Accessed 14 Dec. 2016]. White, K (2009). An Introduction to the Sociology of Health Illness. 2nd ed. SAGE Publications. Los Angeles. Appendix

Crew Resource Management Essay

Military flying differs considerably from commercial aviation due to the special circumstances and restrictions involved. Military discipline revolves around utter obedience whereas CRM aims to foster a culture with encouraging the freedom to respectfully question authority. The primary goal of CRM is enhanced situational awareness, self awareness, leadership, assertiveness, decision making, flexibility, adaptability, event/mission analysis and communication. It recognizes that a discrepancy between what is happening and what should be happening is often the first indicator that an error is occurring. The complexity of military aviation environment demands a foundation of solid airmanship and a healthy, positive approach to combating errors. Aim To learn about the importance of CRM vis-Ã  -vis military aviation CRM – Definition CRM can be defined as a management system which makes optimum use of all available resources – equipment, procedures and people – to promote safety and enhance the efficiency of flight operations. CRM – Overview Crew (or Cockpit) Resource Management training originated from a NASA workshop in 1979 that focused on improving air safety. The NASA research at that time found the primary cause of the majority of aviation accidents to be human error, and further showed the main problems to be failures of interpersonal communication, leadership, and decision making in the cockpit. Cockpit Resource Management (CRM) has gained increased attention from the airline industry in recent years due to the growing number of accidents and near misses in airline traffic. Cockpit Resource Management is a far-reaching discussion of crew coordination, communication, and resources from both within and without the cockpit. CRM concepts have endured by not only integrating themselves into the fabric of training, but also expanding the team concept, evolving into new applications, and possibly most important to the original operators, inspiring development and integration of CRM into safety and quality assurance goals at the corporate level. A variety of CRM models have been successfully adapted to different types of industries and organizations, all based on the same basic concepts and principles. Crew Resource Management still continues to focus on CRM in the cockpit, but also emphasizes that the concepts and training applications provide generic guidance and lessons learned for a wide variety of ‘crews’ in the aviation system as well as in the complex and high-risk operations of many non-aviation settings. Characteristics – Military Aviation The military is a non-homogenous organization. Throughout military aviation there are variations in the type of aircraft, missions performed, number of crew, automation levels and much more. Military flyers are by nature rule based i.e they are bound by policies, procedures and regulations that are often complex and overlapping from multiple origins. Therefore there are four principle characteristics that entail the reason for variety in military CRM training. 1. The Man Civilian pilots are highly experienced in terms of flying hours contrary to the military pilots who are motivated and smart but must account for this large difference in experience. In commercial aviation, most pilots are hired on to airlines after they have achieved significant aviation milestones. In military flying, the pilots are cadets or young officers with almost no flying experience at all. They gain experience and proficiency on job. There are a large number of senior pilots and aircrew who garner substantial experience in their career. Another important factor is the age difference. In comparison, military pilots are exposed to demanding situations at an earlier age and do not have the liberty to make decisions based on experience. The rank and experience gradient causes pilots and aircrew to move away for career progression duties other than flying. The learning styles, attributed to age, also differ from commercial aviation. 2. The Machine The complexity of the machines operated by the military pilots is another factor in the training equation. A modern military aircraft requires that an aircrew member often make split second decisions regarding weapons and other automated systems. Several incidents have resulted in inadvertent weapon release, even resulting in the unintentional shooting down of a friendly aircraft. Military CRM must place additional emphasis on man/machine interface. 3. The Mission Military machines have multidimensional roles. They range from super-sonic fighters in high skies to anti-submarine operations dipping helicopter sonar into the sea. From air assault and combat teams skimming the earth’s surface to anti-ship missile firings, military aviation missions are diverse. At the same time, military aviators apply different set of rules to different missions such as higher HQ missions, ORIs, check rides, standard training missions, and ofcourse combat. This often creates a level of urgency in the operators mind about the set of rules to be followed for flying each day. CRM not only tackles this dilemma, it creates a cultural approach towards safety and operational efficiency. 4. The Environment The military is a fertile ground for hazardous attitudes to manifest themselves in young and aggressive aviators. Its only through effective CRM training that these aircrew members are shaped into safer and more effective aviators. Airline flight crews battle the environment, with safety the paramount concern. In contrast, in addition to the environment, the military aircrews must also engage a clever human enemy, armed with missiles and guns, who knows the fight is coming and constantly changes the rules. The relative importance of the mission must therefore be factored into the military CRM equation. Decision making by a young crew member in a combat environment, strapped inside a complex piece of military hardware while engaging a clever human enemy, is different than airline instructions. Therefore, training must be different and requires well deliberated modules in line with CRM practices. Ideology of Military CRM training The concepts which underpin CRM are not new; rather they are an attempt to distil old axioms into a more coherent management style across the flight regime. Safe and efficient military flight operations depend for their success not merely on the acquisition of sound technical knowledge and skills but also on the mastery by aircrew of the cognitive and interpersonal skills which form the basis of good CRM. Cognitive skills not only allow for the development and maintenance of good situational awareness but also underpin high quality problem solving and decision making techniques. In addition, interpersonal skills, which depend for their effectiveness on good communications, encourage the creation of synergy and the development of successful teamwork. Both cognitive and interpersonal skills are enhanced by a good emotional climate amongst the crew, but they are also easily degraded by stress, so management of the emotional climate and stress becomes an integral and important element of good CRM. CRM is not, therefore, merely an abstract management concept; it embraces principles and proficiency which, if combined with a high degree of technical knowledge and skill, will enable the crew to make best use of all available resources to achieve optimum efficiency in the conduct of operations while at the same time maximising the safety of the flight. Organizational benefits of military CRM efforts There are many prominent organizational benefits that have been realized from the military CRM efforts. Some of these are as follows: 1. Improved mission effectiveness 2. Improved aircrew-maintenance co-ordination and co-operation 3. Improved morale 4. Improved training efficiency 5. Better care and use of valuable hardware Conclusion CRM evolved as a program concern with only emphasizing on changing individual styles and correcting deficiencial behaviour in the first generation, to the second generation with more core skills like decision-making. The term cockpit was changed to crew at this point of era as they realised that other aviation community require CRM training as well. The third generation has major development such as including human factors concepts into its program. The fourth generation integrated organizational culture into its context. Till today, the fifth generation of CRM training is still evolving and consistently monitored for any changes to improve in safety. CRM training now shifted its focus to limitation of human performance as compared to the first generation which is psychological in nature. The prime focus of military CRM is on the quality of judgement rather than the quality of skills. CRM is not and never will be the only mechanism to eliminate error and assure safety in a high risk endeavor such as aviation. Error is an inevitable result of the natural limitations of human performance and the function of complex systems. CRM is one of an array of tools that organizations can use to manage error and achieve objectives by prioritizing CRM practice foremost i.e at the tip of the organizational spear.

Alexander The Great In Afghanistan

Alexander the great was born in Pella, Macedonia in 350 B. C. His father who was the Macedonia King Philippe died when Alexander was 20 years after being killed in a Persia’s battle. He immediately replaced the position of his father. Alexander had several talents ranging from being smart, brave, proud and ambitious. His military and brave skills were witnessed when he took part in the battle at the age of 16. One of his ambitious dreams was to establish the world empire and become the ruler of the whole inhabited world. He had inherited his father’s idea to conquer Asia and wage a campaign against the orient.(Hornblower S, 2002). Alexander the great had made several achievements in his interest to populate the world empire with a unity nation but on the other hand his governance had some setbacks. This paper highlights some of the real achievements and failures that Alexander the great made in his time for leadership. At the death of his father when he was 20 year old, he was proclaimed to be the Czar of Macedonia. He did everything to strengthen the armies military skills, developed the army’s organizational system and lead Hellenic Campaign to the Orient.His army entered the main residence of Persia palace which was the most beautiful and had taken 60 years to be built. This action made Alexander to be the ruler of the whole orient. â€Å"Since the time he mounted the throne of Persian czars he started to demand from his subordinates to keep the oriental ritual of worship† (Alexander the great encyclopedia. ) During this period, Czar Darius was still alive and he settled in Ekbantak in Midia. Alexander sent his army to Persian Czar. Darius refused to take the battle and sought safety in flight.His empire ended after his death as a result of a wound inflicted on him. (Kaplan R, 2001). Alexander the great also confronted the rebels in the Sogdian Rock of Sisimitr. The confrontation was faced with confrontation in accessing the solgd ian noblemen who had settled in un sailable mountain which was filled with snow. These noblemen had a great influence on the population of Soldgiana. However with a promise of great reward to his warriors, 300 brave volunteers managed to climb the mountain, and reached where the noblemen had settled. The rebels surrendered as they were astonished by this action.Alexander the Great led to the spread of the Greek Culture all over his empire which affected the law and the government for a very long period. He was an open-minded man in that he integrated more Persian/Asian ideas in his empower and military. He said that Asia found many things that are worthy to be copied. (Mirzaev R, 2006). The king also encouraged the cultural, political and religious development of the western thinking. This was as a result of conquering Darius Persian Armies eliminating the Persian threat in invading Europe. This had loomed for a number of centuries.Alexander the great also lead to conquering the Mac edonia to Modern India. However, Alexander the great cut the Gordian knot which established the physical force, power and brute reasoning, over spiritualism and religious mysteries. He was defeated in India. This defeat came about due to the distance from Europe and the lack of supply lines. It essentially established the borders of European imperialism during that era of technology which remained intact through the time of the Roman Empire. Alexander the great led to disintegration of the great empire after his death.This is because his governance lacked the political and economic ties and instead relied absolutely on the military forces. He neglected his health to a point where he died. Before he died he had failed to provide an heir, and refused to designate an adult successor. His role would not have been taken by any other person because he eliminated aspirants that could have taken his role to succeed him. Neglecting to delegate his responsibility to any other person also kill ed his administrative system because he played all the duties alone.Alexander the Great had made conquest in life which was very extraordinary. This was witnessed all the way since he was 16 throughout his life in the leadership. However the overall outcome was failure due to the collapse of his governance and the rise in the Roman republic. ( Donova D. C. ) A good leader makes a better leader that him/her. (Covey S. 95) One cannot lead alone; he/she should rely on others in order to get criticism and more enlighting in leadership. Delegation of some responsibilities ensures a strong leadership because the burden of leadership is shared to different people.Delegation of responsibility also ensures that leaders focus and concentrate on certain important issues rather than shifting effort to all dimensions. Alexander the Great system of monopoly of powers led to the collapse of the government after his death. It was also followed by 50 years of warfare and also the collapse of his emp ire. The Alexander system of governance could have both positive and negative attributes that one can pinpoint in order to help one employ a right leadership.Ambition and determination irrespective of the age are important leadership attributes that could be seen and copied from Alexander’s leadership. However discouragement of successors’, dictatorship and self-centeredness in leadership should be highly criticized as it can be learnt from Alexander’s leadership. Alexander should be the blame for poor leadership in Central Asia as it did not enhance continuity. References: Jeffery J. Roberts. 2003. The origins of conflict in Afghanistan. Greenwood Publishing Group Simon Hornblower. 2002.The Greek World, 479-323 BC: Exploring Ethnic Identity on Curac? ao. Routledge Publishers Robert D. Kaplan. 2001. Soldiers of God: With Islamic Warriors in Afghanistan and Pakistan. Vintage Books Publishers R. R. Rawson. 2007. The Monsoon Lands of Asia. Transaction Publishers Mi rzaev R. 2006. Alexander the Great in Central Asia. Retrieved on 11th March 2009 from http://www. sairamtour. com/news/gems/49. html Wahid Momand. 2000. Invasion of Alexander. Retrieved on 11th March 2009 from http://www. afghanland. com/history/alexander. html

Phyllis Wheatley essays

Phyllis Wheatley essays Our American history is composed of a great deal of historical events and individuals. Phyllis Wheatley is one young woman who greatly contributed to history and holds a valuable spot in it. Phyllis Wheatley was born in West Africa, present day Senegal, in 1753. She remained there until she was captured and brought to the American colonies at the age of seven. In Boston, Massachusetts she was sold to a wealthy merchant, John Wheatley, and his wife Susannah. Mary Wheatley, the daughter of the family helped guide Phyllis to learn how to read and write and Phyllis was eventually literate and even knew how to speak Latin and Greek. This was very rare because slaves werent usually offered any type of education. Impressed by her achievements and her clearly evident intelligence, the Wheatleys encouraged Phyllis to continue expanding her knowledge and kept her workload rather light. Soon Phyllis level of education was higher than that of an upper-class colonial man. She was accepted as a member of the family rather than just considered as a slave. At the age of 13, Phyllis wrote her first poem about a tale of two men who came close to dying at sea and their faith in God. The publication of that poem in the Newport Mercury as well as an elegy she wrote about George Whitefield boosted her popularity and credibility. By 1773, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious, and Moral was published in London and included 39 of her poems. Upon taking a trip to England with the Wheatleys son, Nathaniel, she was immediately recognized and caused a sensation. When Phyllis returned back to America after hearing that Susannah Wheatley was very ill, the family she was raised by began to slowly fall apart. Susannah Wheatley passed away the following spring of 1776 and John Wheatley also passed away a few years later in 1778. This granted Phyllis technical freedom and the chance to live her own life. ...

Presidential Power essays

Presidential Power essays Richard E. Neustadt, the author of Presidential Power, addresses the politics of leadership and how the citizens of the United States rate the performance of the president's term. We measure his leadership by saying that he is either "weak or "strong" and Neustadt argues that we have the right to do so, because his office has become the focal point of politics and policy in our political system. Neustadt brings to light three main points: how we measure the president, his strategy of presidential influence, and how to study them both. Today we deal with the President himself and with his influence on government action. The president now includes about 2000 men and women, the president is only one of them, but his performance can not be measured without focusing on himself. Richard Neustadt today is a professor of politics and has written many books on subjects pertaining to government and the inter workings of governments. He has many years of personal experience working with the government along with the knowledge of what makes a president powerful. He has worked under President Truman, Kennedy and Johnson. His credibility of politics has enhanced his respect in the field of politics. His works are studied in many Universities and he is considered well versed in his opinions of many different presidents. It is true that he seems to use Truman and Eisenhower as the main examples in this book and does show the reader the mistakes he believes were made along the way in achieving power. Neustagt begins with President Franklin D. Roosevelt, whom he believes is the one president that knew how best to yield his power. He uses other examples throughout the book of Presidents from FDR to Reagan and endeavors to show the reader the ways in which power and persuasion was used in order for the presidents too perform at the best of their ability and still retain the power to persuade in order to govern the country and app...

Exploring the politics of the Texas Railroad commissions regulation of Research Paper

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History of Botswana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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