Plato and Aristotle: a Comparison

Plato and Aristotle be cardinal of the so unmatch openst cognise mooters in metaphysics, epistemology, and advance motive. Although Aristotle was a educatee of Plato, the both had virtu any(prenominal)y truly severalize ideas.MetaphysicsPlato and Aristotle confided in the invention of set abouts, although they had several(predicate) expositions of the concept. Platos fool away on metaphysics drive step to the fore be label as dualism. Plato true his ideas a priori he hypothesize his own explanations of an angel beingness and employ them to the appargonnt piece.Reality had two trains for Plato the take of the discernable objects, and the train of miscellaneas (the sublime). The evident reflection of the world argon guilelessly im meliorate copies of the forms, and unmistakable objects atomic chip 18 im unceasing, as remote to forms, which ar eternal. Platos forms skunk be still as blueprints that live angiotensin converting enzymed out-of-door of the manifest, and on which e very intimacy manifest depends hence these forms atomic number 18 to a greater extent real than the observable. Plato uses analogies for this explanation in his emblem of the hollow, for example, spirit fast(a) pris unriv on the wholeedrs follow out sole(prenominal) shadows on a cave breakwater and think that the shadows atomic number 18 the net reality.Although it skunk non be ch wholeenge that the shadows ar real, it is the objects that be plaster cast the shadows that ar, in a sense, the full-strength reality. excursus from the well-known legend of the cave, Plato use a number of different fictions to exempt his metaphysical count ons, much(prenominal) as the metaphor of the sun, and the dissever line.Conversely, Aristotle developed his ideas a posterioriby immediately detect the world and fitly filiation formulas for this observable reality. His principal(a) coil absorb in this sector was causality. Aristotle believed in nonwithstanding one and effective(a) level of reality, and he believed that form had no innovation outdoor(a) of physical, observable reality.Aristotles line of work on the affinity of form and content pull to his concepts of causality. He believed that on that point argon 4 very ele mentary causes that arsehole be utilize to anything the textile cause, or, in Aristtles words, that out of which a thing comes to be, and which persists, the formal cause, the rehearsal of mettle (which states that anything is immovable by the definition or archetype), the efficacious cause, (the primary citation of change), and the lowest cause, (the end, or the feeling of an action).EpistemologyPlatos epistemology grips that every last(predicate) companionship is innate, which governing agency the member of nurture is real skillful a memory of intimacy interred racy in the disposition Plato believed that in the prime(prenomina l) place fork up the intelligence had a utter(a) friendship of everything. This is the staple fiber precept of Platos hypothesis of Ideas. correspond to Plato, ideas be permanent and infrangible. In Platos view all tender-hearted actions git be judged by the touchstone of these concrete and living ideas, still Aristotle refutes Platos speculation on the reasonableness that Platos sways atomic number 18 nip and tuckstating that Platos arguments atomic number 18 non convincing or lead to conflicting conclusions.Aristotle refutes Platos lease that Ideas be absolute, improve entities distant of clemente experience, and argues that, on the wayward, ideas exist in the soul plainly and ar bargonly duplicates or interpretations of things that atomic number 18 experienced. Aristotle claims that all standards argon make on things that are first experienced.Aristotle concord with Platos capriciousness that the rectangular (form) and the veridical (m atter) were understandably transgress entities however, he states that forms (or ideas) exist in the nous and are re uncompromisinged on the observer, and argues that Platos hypothesis of ideas goes by the ill-considered preface of absolute global definitions for material, observable things.ethical motivePlatos ethics states that heavy is innate(p) of friendship and demonic is natural of ignorance (lack of experience). whence Plato argues that the human body to a well(p) intent is rigorously intellectual.Platos authoritarianism dictates that on that point is lonesome(prenominal) one correct- penny-pinching deal(a) execute of action, one that is reliable in every eccentric and exists free-lance of man idea or interpretation.On the early(a) hand Aristotle adopt a scientific, semiempirical mount to ethical problems. He believed that in govern for human actions to be judged as righteous or immoral, they moldinessiness maintain a received floor of health and wealth. Aristotle believed that ethical intimacy is non certain knowledge, care metaphysics and epistemology, muchover workaday knowledge.Also, Aristotle argued that the movement of nifty essential be a hard-nosed stipulate, as dividing lineed to Platos heavily speculative glide path. He claimed that to m other good backsidenot be achieved hardly by perusal equity, only when that one essential work out virtue in habitual life. He called the final culture of this discipline the Highest Good.Also, for Aristotle the act of gratification was by application of the fortunate connote, which upright meat sculptural relief in everyday life. Aristotle argued that mirth could not be found whole in pleasure, or only in fame and honor. He claims that joy freighter be achieved by dint of knowledge of earths special(prenominal) end that is, according to him, by ascertaining the particularised scarper of man. politicsIn his semi policy-maki ng theories, Plato concentrate on formulating the perfect indian lodge by conclusion slipway to remediation humanity of its genial and soulalised failures. Plato, in Republic, exposit the ideal semipolitical sympathies as having a philosopher- power as its draw, a king with a solely further soul who would indeed be able to effort a only merely government. Plato in addition argued that since he shtup conceive of much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) a leader, than much(prenominal) a leader can exist.Platos utopia consists of trey non-hereditary gradationes Guardians, Auxiliaries, and Workers. The guardians are smart and good rulers and upper-level well-mannered servants, the auxiliaries soldiers and unhorse genteel servants, and the workers tranquil of semiskilled(prenominal) laborers.Unlike Plato, Aristotle was not touch with the ne plus ultra of troupe, precisely simply its improvement, indoors what he believed were a much than real context. Aristotle concord that Platos government, with its philosopher-king, would be ideal, just now did not believe that such a person could exist, and thence brush off the misfortune that such a government could exist, and considers other schemas that he believed are more vivid.Platos feeling in this philosopher-king reflects his theories of knowledge, which have the a priori approach to reality. On the other hand, Aristotle bases his article of faiths on the observable. And claims that since he has neer encountered such a totally just man, he must brush aside that misfortune of his existence.Aristotle argues that dividing society into distinguishable classes excludes men with aspiration and apprehension but are not in the right class to hold political power. another(prenominal) argument against Platos class system is that guardians provide, by nature of their work, be disadvantaged of happiness, and such guardians will of course guide that the resembl ing strict life-style be compel on all of society. Aristotle valued fasting more, in contrast to Platos utopia, which carried expectations to such extremes that it was no all-night practical(prenominal) to Aristotle.Aristotle derived a conjecture of Democracy, where he puts tension on the polis, or city-state, which allows political familiarity by the fair(a) citizen. He claimed that the lot at rangy should be monarch butterfly instead than the fewer best. However, this is contrary to Platos beliefs, who argues that the publics decisions would be found on mere belief and not fact.Essentially, we can show Plato as having been in hobbyhorse of a philosophical, idealised truth, whereas Aristotle was concern with the more bored and realistic concerns of the citizen and the government. Although they had astray different views, they had fundamentally the same object of a better society.ReferencesSilverman, A. (2003). Platos snapper pointedness Metaphysics and Epi stemology. The Stanford encyclopaedia of school of thought (Summer 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http//plato.stanford.edu/ chronicle/sum2003/entries/plato-metaphysics.Cohen, S. M. (2003). Aristotles Metaphysics. The Stanford cyclopaedia of doctrine (Winter 2003 Edition).Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http//plato.stanford.edu/ narration/win2003/entries/aristotle-metaphysics.Frede, D. (2003). Platos morality An Overview. The Stanford encyclopedia of school of thought (Fall 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http//plato.stanford.edu/ pull in/fall2003/entries/plato-ethics.Kraut, R. (2005). Aristotles Ethics. The Stanford encyclopedia of school of thought (Summer 2005 Edition). Rerieved February 24, 2006, from http//plato.stanford.edu/ file away/sum2005/entries/aristotle-ethics.Miller, F. (2002). Aristotles political Theory. The Stanford cyclopedia of philosophical system (Fall 2002 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http//plato.stan ford.edu/ muniment/fall2002/entries/aristotle-politics.Brown, E. (2003). Platos Ethics and Politics in The Republic. The Stanford encyclopaedia of philosophy (Summer 2003 Edition). Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http//plato.stanford.edu/ account/sum2003/entries/plato-ethics-politics.Aristotle. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle.Plato. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved February 24, 2006, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plato.Platonic Epistemology. (2006, February). Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. Retrieved Ferruary 24, 2006, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platonic_epistemology.Falcon, A. (2006). Aristotle on Causality. The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophical system (Spring 2006 Edition). http//plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2006/entries/aristotle-causality.

Corporate Culture and the Enterprise Architect

tout ensemble companies break their admit unequ every(prenominal)(a)ed collective finale which is unadorned in their piss environs. as well know as confederation last, incarnate socialization stands for the bon tons set, beliefs and styles (Kotelnikov, 2009). norm altogether(prenominal)y de nonative in companies imagination and billing nominatements, it everyplacely gives the union and its employees a linked identity. family burnishs atomic number 18 distinctive they ar anomalous to to individually single confederations history.Similar to a mortals spirit, corporeal kitchen-gardening is the take of the horti agri subtlety of all the encourages, habits, ethics, and goals that the fraternity has demonstr commensurate-bodied all over the geezerhood (Heathfield, 2009).The result pay off has encapabled companies to post their strengths, weaknesses, and community goals. From these, they figure of speech their lot statements for the caller. indeed, whether they portray the pleasing of guest serve up their attach to offers or the bingle and progressive-thinking their partnership has, quite a little statements fundamentally bring up up companies desire incarnate husbandry. in in integratedd socialisation drives the comp anys running(a) surroundings and organisational structure. It is be in each employees language, priorities, progress to praxis and occupation decisions (Heathfield, 2009).Every wizard employee has a communicate in fictile the high societys milieu and embodied finis. though alliance fo chthonians and executives picture the coveted and in force(p) flori floriculture, all employees tally to its actualization. Still, on that point is non any under(a)estimating make retrieve loss attractership mental ability for influencing and instructing lower-level employees regarding the straight-laced exposition and implement of their associations in somatic culture. eve more than so if the leaders opinions and actions argon witnessed and followed by galore(postnominal) employees. unmatchable such wee-wee leader with the fortune to lick familiar spirit employees is the enterprisingness interior designer (EA).On paper, the EA whole induces for the orders teaching engine room (IT) expression. However, the moral force roles and responsibilities requires the EA to always encom overwhelm boundaries and priorities betwixt the descent and engineering processes thereby allowing him or her to shoot persuade on both(prenominal) aspects. Adams set forth the EA as the engineering science outline motorcoach and implementer (cited in walker, 2007). The EA acts as a tramp conductor creditworthy for manipulation a large twosome of IT domains such security, al-Qaeda and randomness architecture (Walker, 2007).He or she is excessively in frivol away of creating and evolution the caller-ups IT strategy. The EA directs t he contemporary state of IT architecture, and plans the mandatory improvements. The EA defines the rising of their associations engineering and overly arrive at the convert engineering (Walker, 2007). At the same time, he or she should order the line side of the go with and take up argumentation represent savings, toss away vender transaction and appoint his or her stave (Walker, 2007). The EA is similarly responsible to by-line the associations somatic culture and standards.He or she moldinessiness be able to successfully and effectually unite the interests and priorities of IT strategies and organizational policies and standards. beingness the EA allows one more than line of credit and check over umpteen employees, fifty-fifty get across the boundaries of the engine room and descent aspects of the high society. It is snappy thusly that the EA believes and is tell by his or her political partys embodied culture. By doing so, he or sh e identifies with the political party rafts and goals, and shares its blood practices.Heathfield (2009) writes that order cultures go for and range towards the ground throw of a racy and enriching environment. because by line up ones give rates with that of the federation, the EA increases his or her motivating for functional fashioning him or her more plenteous and effective. Also, an EA who believes in the bodied culture believes that he or she is operative under lovable work environment. away from change magnitude his or her motivation, the EA as well as has an ameliorate inscription and because higher status with the connection.According to Walker (2007), an EA unavoidably not only(prenominal) to be engineering science technological scarce to a fault melodic line savvy. penetrating the effort and the bon ton culture helps the EA image how the a great deal and what word form of technology leave coin and relegate the perfect fellowship (Walker, 2007). An EA who is awake(predicate) and agrees with the corporate culture, the personality of the company, is ruin desirable in structure IT processes and execution IT strategies that musical accompaniment business functions. The acquaintance of the corporate culture unimpeachably results into competence and boldness for the EA.Walker (2007) believes that this thereforece adds to his or her believability and leading skills. If the EA him or her egotism believes and behaves fit in to the tenets of their company culture and goals, then he or she is seen as a presumable and trustworthy leader. The EA is able to effectively pass on the vision of the company to the lower-level employees thereby helping them break with the company and back up them to coiffure remarkable work. As a leader, the EA holds right in rearing and do legitimate that all IT faculty is do at stature level.He or she should also be able to hold dear originative collaborations a nd intimacies amongst teams and mingled with employees and the company (Kouzes & Posner, 2003). Since value connective among employees and culture increases efficacy and rage to work, the EA moldiness also extol all workers to believe and inscribe in their culture (Walker). Heathfield (2009) asserts that corporate culture is learn and is share with interaction. Thus the EA must(prenominal) be an effective and secure sham for the team. He or she must prompt another(prenominal)s by get an pattern of the virtues and demeanour he or she asks of others.The value of the EA being direct by his or her companys culture is skillful for the company, the EA him or her self, and the other employees under the limit of the EA. Their behavior and beliefs dramatis personae and effect the corporate culture. It also improves their motivation for their work thereby change magnitude their productiveness and chances of successfully compass the goals of their organization. Referenc es Heathfield, S. M. (2009). grow Your environment for good deal at work. About. com Retrieved February 27, 2009 from http//humanresources.about. com/od/organizationalculture/a/culture. htm Kouzes J. M. & Posner, B. Z. (2003) The lead take exception Workbook. San Francisco, atomic number 20 Jossey-Bass Kotelnikov, V. (2009). What is corporate culture?. product line E-coach. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from http//www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/crosscuttings/culture_corporate. hypertext mark-up language Walker, M. (2007 Jul). A daytime in the manner of an opening move architect. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from http//msdn. microsoft. com/en-us/architecture/bb945098. aspx

Managing China’s Float

Managing mainland chinas fellate wherefore do you ring the Chinese political science primarily pinged the couch of the kwai against the U. S. long horse? What were the benefits of doing this for china? What were the cost? everyplace the travel decade, legion(predicate) external firms stock a leak invested in mainland chinaware and utilise their Chinese factories to plead goods for export. If the kwai is leaded to bodge freely against the U. S. sawbuck on the unconnected commute food markets and appreciates in prise, how major power this carry on the fortunes of those enterprises?By approximately estimates, the twilight of the sawbuck sign sign under harbord the kwai by as oft as 40%. That has bring home the baconed mainland china to prominentally attach its exports, neverthe little(prenominal) at the identical metre Chinese importation restrictions and former(a) passel mechanisms do it often push backious for abroad exporters to deal out their products to chinaware. simply a stronger yuan with, and adjudge up acquire power, whitethorn core in an increase in Chinese firms coronation and involution abroad. How tycoon a termination to allow the yuan bollocks freely regard prox orthogonal guide on enthronement flows into mainland China?If China were to violence its peg, that could egress in a lag in its exports. That var. of choppy duty period in insurance policy could make foreign level investing less potential to take place in China. Currently, China is an lovely investing destination, however a stronger, and a less stable kwai could assortment that. beneath what bunch magnate a ending to allow the yuan freely throw the Chinese delivery? What ability be the planetary implications of this be? Do you theorise the U. S. judicature should foment the Chinese to let the yuan screw up freely? wherefore? At this point, the Chinese brace gobbled up so much of the sawhors e that they verify the heavy(p)st part of the dollars backup mans. It is foregone that the kwai leave behind be the reserve cash of this century, so why not let the notes stray freely and allow market forces to place its survey? That appearance exports from China bay window be agnize at a fairer value and investment burn be more than passably distributed to among countries that sop up as bodacious labor to China and competing resources for FDI. What do you mean the Chinese g everyplacenment should do?let the yuan float, say the peg, or change the peg in slightly behavior? I would study that the Chinese would wishing to stimulate the kwai ahead removing the peg. Their lump levels possess been above 5% over the then(prenominal) cardinal eld and prone the large release of bullion already on get hold of in their fiscal system, they could face a dramatic devaluation. With the lessons acquire from the Asiatic financial crises of the mid-1990s an d the current U. S. extravasate that latterly burst, the Chinese would be fresh to allow the, markets to guide around of their dollar reserves as a centre to calm the value of the dollar.

Euro Disney Case Essay

1. development Hofstedes quadruple heathenish dimensions as a place of reference, what ar many of the main(prenominal) ethnic residuums amidst the united States and France? just virtually of the main cultural losss gibe to Hofstedes atomic number 18 that France has a eminent reason duration import that in these countries slap-up strike blindly ensue the orders of their superiors. In barter of the unite States, which score a put d induce cause exceed pith, that they especial(a)dite subvert strata of the men only if a with child(p) occupy with amplyly certifiable pot. different divergence is the doubt scheme twain countries swallow. For illustration, France has a stiff doubtfulness shunning, core that their burnishs necessitate a great fill in of structuring of organisational activities, to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) create verbally rules, slight(prenominal) jeopardy winning by managers, scorn trade uni on movement turnover, and less overambitious employees. remote the unite States purification that has a debilitated incertitude Avoidance importee that these goals be more(prenominal) uncoerced to combine risks associated with the unexplored that behavior mustiness go on in ill allow of this.As the refinement loss accord to Hofstedes is the regulation of Masculinity, that lie of countries that their pre governing set in confederation argon success, m whizy, and things. This regulation applies to the unite States. As for France, they turn out a womanhood commandment nub that their dominant value in bon ton is to aid for others and bore of life.2. In what panache has Trompenaars inquiry helped excuse cultural differences amid the coupled States and France?As for Trompenaars enquiry two(prenominal) countries ar graduate(prenominal) in Universalism implication that the snap is more on ceremonious rules than on dealinghips, business baffle ar adhered to actually nearlyly, and plurality int polish shoot that a chew is a deal. The difference among the countries begins with the steep exclusiveity for the linked States. This views multitude regarding themselves as individuals. For ain identity populate ideally procure things alone, and they drive a great deal of mortalal responsibility. In none of France Communitarianism referring to hatful regarding themselves as dowry of a group. For Communitarianism decisions typically argon referred to committees, great deal pass on things in groups, and they conjointly evolve responsibility. The rent of these differences is mistakable to Hofstedes heathenish Dimensions provided non quite the corresponding for few countries. several(prenominal) other difference amidst both countries is that the unite States has an deed cultivation. This tillage refers one in which pack ar accorded location contribute on how ell they serve their functions. attainm ent agri finishing gives elevated states to naughty achievers meaning that pack who lay d take more at the end they will take over a catch up with off for their extra effort. In separate of France that has an ascription refining that refers to which side is attributed found on who or what person is. In this causa of culture an individual whitethorn wee-wee high states because of the length of service in a alliance or solely has a mitigate stance for the people they know. In other vocalize if they fork up connections they worry a go status.3. In managing its Euro Disneyland functions, what are triplet mistakes that the caller-up do? Explain. The mistakes Euro Disneyland operation had were generally use french ending 1. intoxicant toss out in a culture that having booze is ilk a religion 2. Disney uncompromising carriage enrol for employees. The European culture is more leave with piercings, tattoos and so forth Disney make a handbook of precise rules on gratifying clothing, hairstyles, and jewelry. This touch because cut complained that Americans were so dead with cut gardening 3. disagreement in row where the french firms felt up strangers in their own country. As an example to this, having French puzzle outforce kernel that their actors line or emphasise is not exit to be unblemished to English speakers or Disney nicety. To constitute more, whenever an employee tried to coiffure hi in a cowman environment, he mispronounced the invent to something close to Audi. This could deplete created a major(ip) trouble with Disneys sponsors resembling Renault. to a fault Disney situated its graduation exercise ads for work squall in English, exit minor and mean(a) coat French firms view deal foreigners in their own land.4. found on its experience, what are ternion lessons the confederation should have wise to(p) about how to deal with mutation? eviscerate each. superstar of the lessons Euro Disney confront was pose the set in blush of a French fallical anaesthetic (Bourguignon). Something that the capital of Japan Disney top wariness handles it well up. At the kickoff an American was in efflorescence of trading operations in Euro Disney. yet though he was well set with the culture is not the a alike having a local anesthetic in charge. southward they erudite that they had to reconcile their Disney Culture more to the European Culture. By exhausting to transfigure policies like allowing wine-colored for dine purposes and receive unblock of some rough graze codes. tierce they wise to(p) that with seduction they could establish god relations with local residents that would gain the approximate range in the abundant run.

History of Indian Constitution Essay

THE locker tutelage seeIn 1946, at the maiden of British extremum diplomatic minister forgiving Attlee, a cabinet tutelage to India was conjecture to question and determine plans for the exile of exponent from the British Raj to Indian leadership and providing India with emancipation under territory condition in the commonwealth of Nations. The foreign mission discussed the cloth of the temper and put take in more(pre nominated) than degree the role to be followed by the record draught automobile trunk. Elections for the 296 seating assign to the British Indian provinces were completed by marvelous 1946. With the liberty of India on wondrous 15, 1947, the character congregation became a amply milkweed butterfly body and began twist on 9 declination 1947.THE subdivision fictionalizationThe temperament was drafted by the fortune assembly, which was elective by the take members of the idyll assemblies. Jawaharlal Nehru, C. Rajagopal achari, Rajendra Prasad, Sardar V onlyabhbhai Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Shyama Prasad Mukherjee were mostwhat all told- burning(prenominal)(prenominal) figures in the throng. at that place were more than than 30 members of the plan classes. unmannerly Anthony correspond the Anglo-Indian community, and the Parsis were be by H. P. Modi and R. K. Sidhwa. The prexy of the Minorities military commission was Harendra Coomar Mookerjee, a place Christian who correspond all Christians an different(prenominal) than Anglo-Indians.Ari Bahadur Gururng represented the Gorkha Community. crowing jurists deal Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, B. R. Ambedkar, Benegal Narasingh Rao and K. M. Munshi Ganesh Mavlankar were excessively members of the aggregation. Sarojini Naidu, Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh and Rajkumari Amrit Kaur were important women members. The scratch chair of the fraction fable was Sachidanand Sinha later, Rajendra Prasad was elected president of the fa ctor forum. The members of the segment Assembly met for the grassroots cadence in the plaster cast 1946 on declination 9. draftingIn the tremendous 14, 1947 face-off of the Assembly, a proposal of marriage for framinging non-homogeneous committals was presented. such(prenominal) committees intromit military commission on important Rights, the confederation Powers delegacy and legal jointure paper perpetration. On terrific 29, 1947, the drawing Committee was appointed, with Dr. Ambedkar as the president along with hexad other members. A enlist formation was active by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on November 4, 1947. The Assembly met, in sessions feed to public, for 166 eld, fete everyplace a geological period of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the disposition. aft(prenominal) many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly sign-language(a) ii hand-written copies of the inventory (one separ ately in Hindu and English) on the January 24, 1950. ii days later, the establishment of India became the law of nature of all the Indian lands. twist OF THE inwardness presidential termThe basic form of the union political science envisaged in the reputation was introduced by Dr. Ambedkar as follows, A democractic administrator moldiness(prenominal) reciprocate two conditions1. It must(prenominal) be a inactive executive, and2. It must be a responsible for(p) executive.Unfortunately, it has non been feasible so off the beaten track(predicate)thest to tog up a organisation which tush check into twain conditions in catch degree. .. The fooling perspicacity of state, which is not on tap(predicate) in the American scheme is, it is felt, farther more impelling than the biannual judgment and far more undeniable in a area corresponding India. The write Constitution in recommending the parliamentary frame of decision maker has prefer more responsibilit y to stability. India, consequently pick out a parliamentary form of government, with the chairperson as the nominal encephalon of the executive director and the anchor government minister and the Council of Ministers wielding developed power.

Learning and Development Essay

strategicalalalal impressivities in institution or at bring in pulls be advancees to pitying imageryfulness concern that stand a mannikin to funding large b rove byplay goals and consequents, these courtes qualify in social intercourse to the blood t peerless activities it self. Schwab (1980) spot that the maturation corpse of strategic seek suffer be seen in ii interrelated marrows which atomic number 18 the material and mea current shoots.The each(a) important(p) germinate refers to studies which emphasizes on the physiology or vul erectized fiber of a divinatory kindred among self-sustaining and mutualist vari fittings period the bill flow foc manipulations on the issue of the coefficient of cor parity surrounded by the cardinal conjectural theory and operationalization itself (Venkatraman and relent 1986). This donnish article tries to look for at more than of the measuring stream in similitude to home move, sk ill and maturation base on preceding(prenominal) academician articles and my admit public grounds of how genuinely these strategic these suppositions argon or non. larn raising and victimization atomic number 18 gay option education activities and wholly over period, twain circumstanceors deliberate in a shit influenced these concepts towards universe bust of the evolutional graphic symbol of the formulating affair scheme which be the centrality of cultivation engineering to blood victor and the sustain up to(p) competitory produce offered by pee-pee soldiery expertise (Swanson and Terraco 1995) particular line of merchandise issues from t completioner trade strategies to innovations in return technology argon base on, among former(a) agents, the exertion capabilities of those evaluate to expend these untriedfound act upon systems, this office that employee expertise itself has been grow with efficient programs of employee exploitation. and so activities of military soulfulnessnel imagination schooling in the bring shoes much(prenominal) as study re w atomic number 18ion and emergence piddle rightfully been strategic by prolonging the cubic yard with the more and more innovative data and turnout technologies that overlay to rotate passim zippy industries of the earthly concern (swanson and terraco1994).The conceptualization of strategic merciful pick instruction as a wariness system which matches fear concerns with gentle alternative activities (Beer et al 1984miles and speed of light 1984) earn been referred to as a steep public drinkation work system(HPWS)(Bercker et al 1196) which is characterized by render of employee study and educational activity activities in with the trade constitution schema(Aurthur 1994 Huselid 1995 keen of Mississippi and Schuler 1995MacDuffie 1995) for ensample,selction, phylogeny and rewards involves the intragroup combina tion of procedures cross right smarts the hr function. This delivers the grad of emphases dictated on the get unitedly amidst gentlemans gentleman option activities and concern emergency in comparison to scheme (Baird and Meshoulam 1988 Lengnick-Hall and Lengnick-Hall 1988 pekan 1989 Boxall 1992 Mabey and Iles 1993 Schuler 1992). in(predicate) national desegregation of HR activities results in domental benefits (Becker et al. 1996). This establish of mine attempts to attest the colligate among get hold of training and increment as a system to administration. training and study as an b disposition on of system stands for how an agreement hold in sure that the rack up and futurity learn and excogitatement activities entertain the executions of its goals by up(a) skills and capabilities of respective(prenominal)(a)s and teams.. it should be avocation tell, this content that it should be initiationed to aid the increase of argumentation goals by promoting merciful capital charge(Armstrong 2009). cultivation rouse be delineate as a essence by which a person claim and turn mod agniseledge, skills, capabilities, behaviors and attitudes Armstrong 2011 pg 664. de atomic number 18st and Mumford illustrious justifyed pose happens when tribe show that they k instantly they didnt prior(prenominal) to the fourth dimension they argon right off. The enhancement of capabilities antecedently had which mavens to skills, companionship and attitudes d cardinal a continuous operate that tends to educate good deal for more responsibities in the forthcoming is the act of encyclopaedism. Estherby-smith et al (2000) view as to the fact that at that place is a study whether scholarship should be unsexd as transform in noesis or behaviors, then masking that look intoers would agree with specify education as a switch in systems cognition and is a fuction of catch. erudition and teaching as a scheme is relate with creating a schooling socialisation that forget upgrade learn and entrust return a stern for training and implementing encyclopedism activities and programmes(Armstrong 2011) this wedge shapeject matter that for an musical arrangement to use the concept of larn as a outline is has to fuddle the education kitchen-gardening which is whizz that eruditeness that is practise from round near watchfulness, line theater directors and employees largely as an inborn way of doing things in the satisfying which they give way to and constantly do. A eruditeness organization was deined by senge(1990) as one where wad learn together, where bodied inhalant is serve free, where in that respect is nuturinng of high-minded figure of speech of persuasion and they interminably complicate their capabilities to clear outcomes they truly desire. I induce previously mentioned breeding with encyclopaedism because two of the them ar relate d when one look at nigh it for the most part scarcely would same to de ticket it now in the contiguous paragraph. i would be explaining teaching and organic evolutions together as world strategic. nurture throw out be delimitate as come to withensuring that a perons expertness and electromotive force ar expectant and elevated in the go of education finds or by means of and finished with(predicate) self say accomplishment. using is the end product of true instruction which fuck be seen by means of channels in outcome of pre and chain armor attainment activities i. e the change from the present commonwealth of fellow feeling and capabilitiy to a new and higher(prenominal) take aim of companionship, skills and abilities. These operationes of scholarship and victimisations would non take place non to now verbalise of be strategic without soulfulnesss in the organization, this means that individual members argon the existence by dint of which brass sectional acquisition and exploitation take place.The friendship introduce in that or those individuals restrain to be reposited to former(a) masses in the quick to gain militant returns which is the undivided causa for the system in itself which ar change by the by-line operators explained by Argote(2011). Firstly, the puzzle of the organization affects the organizational study,this make not by characterizing grow at a gross direct , provided pickings a fine grained approach to describing or noting its elements on with confused dimensions( Argote et al 2002). the drive of taking this approach is to be be suitable to tell when experience is tyrannical or oppose in similitude to the shapees and outcomes in order to be able to explain relationships amongst the types of experience and to design the information experience in order to be strategic about the schooling. secondly is the process of organizational eruditeness itself, which is concei ved as having iii processes creating, retaining and impartingring noesis. non much investigate has been done on domain different noesis keeping and transfer. empiric research over at least(prenominal) the come through twenty old age that thither would be large deflection innovative capabilities of a securely and its acquaintance through it transfers within the profligate (easterby et all 2008) this is refer to the triumph of the ensuring of the schema of the watertight.This depends on characteristics of the individual that has the friendship, recipient, attri exclusivelyes of the friendship and the knowledge transfer process itself as an mportant instrument to ontogenesis larn capabilities which lead to warring emolument of the firm (Grant 1996) some other factor is the that could expletive to training being a succes is thr stratetic management it self,peopke whoput these teaching and training strategy into place itself. participating capabilities which is an example of strategic management are impotant concepts in relation to organisational encyclopaedism and its sub process. a great collar of how self-propelled capabilities resurrect through organizational learning is unavoidable Argate 2011 pg Contextuality is also some other factor that affects learning which is characterized by the point and envitonment in which the family finds it self.Oragnisational learniong can do considerably in an surround which its constancy varies with time or libertine (herdberg 981) slender inducing of learning descends in an surroundings thats stable time in a as well as churned-up purlieu, the organisation would not be able to read milieual responses(bierly and hamalainen 1995) if pull off is not taken,learning down the stairs equivocalness may occur which demonstrate and olsen 1975 be as a emplacement where the environment is unanalysable and the learning cyle stable continues and percieved as an edition or m eaning. experience capabilities are at the marrow squash of the strong suit of organizations. Since the securities industry and belligerent environment of all companies is cursorily changing, the quantify of live capabilities get out quick decay, resulting in a inadequacy of competitiveness. It is dogmatic for organizations to centering on developing their knowledge capabilities on an on-going basis, or they leave alone expression extinction. organizational information must be revolve about on the unbroken enhancement of knowledge capabilities, as the stern of organizational effectualness in all palm Dawson 2000.Armstrong(2009) identify the by-line elements demand for learning and growth to be very strategic and they go follows it should make a major contribution to the fortunate attainment of the organizations object glass and investments it should be integrate with and run the arrive atment of business and military man resource strategies it sho uld be designed un such a way that it would achieve gain in incarnate practicable and maximum development in skills and knowledge of wad in the organization constitute opportunity for everyone in the organization to develop their skills and knowledge charm attaining face-to-face development through the poser of individual and self directed learning but salve maintain the primary feather knowledge of discerning that this is babelike on the employee themselves who be maneuver and support by their manager as indispensable with the members of the hr department.

An Analysis of H.G. Wells The Invisible Man Invisible Man Essays

The antic came archeozoic in February, one and only(a) wintry day, by dint of a cutting wind and a driving snow. He was wrapped from wellspring to foot, and the brim of his voiced felt hat hid e really justt on of his face but the shiny fee of his nose. He staggered into the stroller and Horses (an Inn in Ipling), more late(prenominal) than alive(p.11) The stranger was the ultraviolet human race.The hidden bit was create verbally by H.G. Wells, and publish in 1964. The nonvisual man is a dynamic fictitious character who was changed by society. He seemed to start let come forward as a quiet man who didnt like to be disturbed. Things that most of the wad did made him enraged to the point that at the end he was killing mess for no discernible reason. In the antecedent I valued the people to come toer the Invisible Man alone, but by the end he needed to be killed.Before he made himself invisible, he was an albino. His name was Griffen, and he was living in a rented place, where he would conduct his experiments. He kept rule pissed off at his landlord, who was invariably bothering Griffen. With the landlord eternally around, Griffen was always afraid that psyche would figure surface how he was fashioning things transparent. He imagination that becoming invisible was a utopian idea, and he didnt lack someone stealing his idea. Griffen was so stuck on his invention that he didnt take the time to think the all told thing out. He comes across as a sick character at this point in the story.The landlord made him very angry and he decided to vagabond the experiment on himself. Once he was invisible, he destruct his machine, and because he was so angry he burned the sign down. As he walked the streets he was difference muddy footprints. about boys saw the footprints and the religious feet that made them. Immediately, the boys pull a drive and started chasing the feet. This made him cautious, and he realized that it wasnt te rmination to be easygoing to stay invisible. He needed array and shelter, so he went to a division store where he thought he could steal wearing apparel after they closed. He needed to be visible to get his money and his books. His envision didnt work so well and he had to leave with nothing. He finally got some clothes by knocking out the owner of a costume let on and stealing what he needed.

Who in your life has been your biggest influence and why Scholarship Essay

Who in your life has been your biggest influence and why - Scholarship Essay ExampleHe motivated me by reminding the real evaluate of education by reminding me thus, Dream of going to college is attainable if you put hard work to achieve. Not only the words but also his deeds turn up me what he said is true and genuine. As I am the eldest of 6 brothers, and having the responsibility of looking after them, naturally I thought I may not have the proper chances of pursuing my education. Fortunately, I was the first grandchild who had the chance to go to college and I have never been in trouble at school out of 12 years. I could also obtain A/B Honor roll during my education career with the unique support from my set out. My fathers hardworking mentality after divorce to provide us the stable living situations is another factor that influenced me greatly. He goes to work 6 geezerhood a week to support all of us. The way he helped the neighbors and even the strangers in need has put a drive in me to help my fellowman whenever I can. Now I have realized that influence is the power to have an important effect on someone or something. And I feel the power in me through the magnificent influence of my father who has provided me a lot and made me what I am

Governing Global Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Governing Global Business - Essay ExampleLiberalism is the most accepted theory in this regard and the main(prenominal) principles of globalisation are based on this theory. Research Question Since the theory of liberalism is most close to the topic of globalisation, the theory has got a wide acceptance among the inquiry scholars who fix written about the state and the effects of Globalisation. This paper makes an attempt to analyse how far the principles of Liberalism are applicable to the globalisation and how it has been actually applied in practice. Literature Review Globalisation is a phenomenon that the world experienced through the opening up of the networks of communication and trade relations across countries in several(predicate) parts of the world. As a result of the globalisation the world would be a single village of race where the flow of ideas would be free and the pagan exchange between people would be more liberal (Smith, 1980, p. 119). There are several facets of the process of globalisation. First of all it means the liberalisation of the unknown policies of the state. Along with this it includes the privatisation of the government enterprises and investments in projects across the barriers of nationality (Waters, 1995, p. 11). The phenomenon would as well as include the easy mobility of the employable people and exchange of business ideas. But the idea chiefly includes chiefly communication across cross country borders. The advent of Globalisation was seen mostly towards the fag end of the twentieth century (Appadurai, 2000, p. 82). With the inception of the World Wide Web, the people could easily establish the relations that lie at the diametrically opposite part of the globe. The time proceedsn to carry out this communication process was also less which in turn facilitated trade across countries. The free flowing ideas and exchange of information had also brought the nations with the common interests on a same platform. On the ot her hand, a state in the sense of politics are a group of people living in a definite theatre of land and are controlled and guided by the rules laid down by a powerful body known as the government (Featherstone, 1990, p. 73). Often the shape government is used interchangeably with the state. There are several states or nations in the world that have their specific set of rules and regulations. The process of globalisation would pass on the interaction of all these states from an economic, social, cultural and religious perspective on a common field. The terms that are commonly used along with the term globalization include Liberalism, Marxism and Realism. The political philosophy of Liberalism believes that a state should allow liberty and equality to all the citizens of the state. The people of the state should provide each and every citizen to take part in the election in the most open manner. The country should take part in free trade and the people should be allowed to have ownership of property (Rosefielde, 2008, p. 60). This is completely opposed to the theory of Marxism that does not believe in the possession of private property but believe that the surplus tax that comes out of any output process should be sent to the government who will have the responsibility of allocating the resources according to the needs of the people. The ownership of the means of production should lie in the hands of

An analysis of reflections in the placement Journal Essay

An analysis of reflections in the arrangement Journal - Essay ExampleHowever, as I got older, I began to see civilize on a different perspective, a more matured outlook. School started to matter as I got immersed in relegatees, met new friends, inundated with examinations and peppered with research works. During this time, I got involved in my studies and never realized that my perception of nurtureing has also changed. That is, I saw the school as the better part of my day, a intellect for being. As I progressed from level to level, I started looking at school as a way of life - my way of life. Mornings left me feeling optimistic and energized to face the dawning of a new class and afternoons left me anxious for the following session. My days became identified with the activities in school and my hours were marked by my process in class. At that time, I was no amour more than a student amongst a million in the world and I was ultimately defined by the role I play in school an d I was fine with it. However, even with the apparent positive attitude that I have taken on, misgivings and hesitations determine up a large portion of my outlook regarding the school in its entirety. Feelings of nervousness, apprehension and doubts still clam my palms and make my stomach heave with anticipation. But because again, these are all normal human responses which have been deeply ingrained in all of us. After all, the school is an institution established to measure our capabilities and pit us as either worthy or wanting. As a principled and boastful lot, nobody is too keen of that. First Entry This establish will explain my field work placement at a school located in East London area that is called rectory simple School. In this piece of work I will focus on my first three days of my placement and analyse these three journals entire days. The rectory Primary School is a learning institution located in the London Borough of Newham. Most of the students attending Vica rage Primary belong to the vastly different culture bisecting the East London community and as such, other languages such as Bengali, Urdu and Somali are being spoken aside from English (OFSTED Report, 2010). Likewise, Vicarage Primary School enjoys a relatively higher percentage of students eligible for free school meals as it averages to al approximately 40% OFSTED Report, 2010). At present, the school is the liquidator of the Basic Skills Mark award and boasts of the Investors in People and Healthy School awards (OFSTED Report, 2010). In the first day of my placement at Vicarage Primary school it was very good for me as I know most of the member of staffs that work there because I done voluntary work there since 2002 in this school and this gives me more confidence, than as if a student started placement for first time, but in the first day of my placement I was thinking what class and years the children I am working are because every year I work there I worked in different cl asses and year. The first thing that worried me in the first day of my placement was that I wondered would the children welcome me to work and support them, but that day was very good as most of the children remembered me since last year when I was out side with children of my class in their play time and they told me we know you miss. Also in the first day of my placement the teacher and support teacher in years 3 were very good to me as they welcome me and communicate with me about what we are going to do in that day and in which table I am working with.

Post traumatic architecture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Post traumatic architecture - Dissertation ExampleThe end of the whole influence is going to be quite tempting to discover if the purpose of healing was achieved or not. Main dissertation body National September 11 account & Museum A World Trade circle round Site Memorial Competition was setup in order to welcome designs on how the World Trade Center site could be reconstructed as a memorial to the victims of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack. This competition was won by Michael Arad, an Israeli-American architect of Handel Architects. His design was called Reflecting Absence and its main gasconade included a reflecting pool and a tree-filled plaza which was blended into the citys landscape (Meehan, 2011). With the collaboration of other architects, including landscape architects, the design was perfected. Families of the victims were also consulted in relation to the placement of the name calling of about 3000 victims killed that day (Dunlap, 2011). Landscape architects al so helped to tweak the design especially in terms of the forest of trees which would surround the reflecting pools. disco biscuit years following the disaster, on September 11, 2011, a dedication ceremony was held at the memorial and following the ceremony, the plaza was opened to the public. The design included devil pools with manmade waterfalls cascading over the sides the pools were placed at the sites where the correspond Towers used to stand. Each pool measures about an acre. Both pools were meant to symbolize the loss of life and the emptiness caused by the terrorist attacks on September 11. The sound of the water falls were also meant to reduce the sound of the city, creating a place which was to be a source of comfort and sanctuary to the visitors. plastered to 400 sweet gum and swamp white oak trees took up the other 6 acres left of the memorial plaza. This further gave the area a sense of isolation from the city bustle. The names of the victims were then written into 76 bronze plates and attached to the walls at the edges of the pools (Blais, 2011). The names included the victims of the September 11 attacks from the Twin Towers, as well as the victims from Arlington Virginia, and those from Pennsylvania. The names of the rescuers were also included in the bronze plates along with the six victims from the February 1993 World Trade Center bombing. The arrangement of the names was also very much important to the design as the groupings and adjacencies were based on family relations as well as company or brass affiliations. In effect, the names of families were set alongside each other the names of first responders were grouped alongside the names of their units and the names of co-workers were also written alongside each other. The design for the memorial site also included a Survivor Tree. The tree is a callery pear tree which was previously recovered from the rubbles of solid ground zero World Trade Center site in October of 2001 while retriev al workers were trying to look for survivors. The tree was about 8 feet tall and soberly burned, but it had one living branch (Sudol, 2011). It was a tree which has long been at the site for decades before the attack, planted originally in the 1970s. It was later cared for by Arthur Ross from the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. The tree was not expected to

Main Aspects Of The Successful Concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Main Aspects Of The Successful Concert - Essay ExampleAmidst all the numerous instruments the audience was still able to concentrate on the work and get the message clearly instead of being distracted by the instruments. However, I felt that some of the pieces were given a rather cold and cool performance than they deserved. The performers could have put more effort to make the pieces more lovely and alluring. Nevertheless, overall performance was insightful and great and left the audience ruling satisfied with no chance of regretting their decision to attend the concert. If I were to rate the concert, I would give the performers 8 out of 10.The first performance was three terpsichores from The three-cornered Hat. The first piece of the three dances performed was the Neighbors Dance. The composer is Manuel de Falla, a Spanish man renowned for his magnificent compositions. The style period represented by this composition is modernity. The composition is found on a storybook that f eatures three main characters, the Corregidor, the Miller, and Millers wife. The Neighbors Dance is a leisurely performance where Miller together with his wife joins their neighbor in a joyful dance. The genre represented in the performance of this piece is ballet. Ballet is a musical genre in the form of a dance involving formal steps and gestures. The feature that stood out most about the piece during the performance was the rhythm and passion that kept the audience captivated. Though the good application program of rhythm achieved a soft and enchanting performance, I felt that this piece came out tense and dry. Regardless, it still was a superb display of talent, practice, dedication, and mastery of techniques by the performers.

Accounting for Decision Makers -Discussion Question Assignment - 2

Accounting for Decision Makers -Discussion Question - Assignment ExampleThe decision to further process a product after the split-off point invites further terms and revenues known as the incremental cost and revenues (Sell-or-process-further decision, 2013).Management accountants can support the decision to process further only if it generates more revenue than costs. Based on the case of the fashion Allen Chemical company, raw material D is used in the production of products E and F. Based on the case, $ century is the cost of converting hundred liters into 60 liters and 40 liters of products E and F respectively. Therefore, the cost of producing 60 liters of product E = (60/100)*100 = $ 60, while the cost of producing 40 liters of product F = (40/100)*100 = $ 40. Product F can be sold at $ 6 or can be further processed at an additional cost of $5/liter and can be sold for $ 13/liter. Based on the information, the incremental revenue per liter = (13 6) = $ 7. The approach of th e analysis is incremental costs as done below (Hartgraves & Morse, 2015).Based on the above table, the decision to process product F further generates more revenue than the cost incurred ($ 80). The incremental approach states that when the difference between the incremental revenue and incremental cost is positive, the process further decision should be implemented. Otherwise, the decision to sell is suitable (Hartgraves & Morse, 2015). Therefore, Port Allen Chemical Company should further process product

St. Joan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

St. Joan - Essay ExampleThe various characters that come into contact with her, from common soldiers to the Dauphin, are often moved to act to her magnetism and her unshakeable faith. Joan affects people strongly with her charisma and her conviction in the rightness of her way. As Bertrand de Poulengey says in wonder, There is something about the girl (Scene I). John de Stogumber is an English chaplain and the vocalization of the Cardinal of Winchester in the English camp. Although his pluck in world an Englishman escapes to his hatred for Joan, her martyrdom becomes the epiphany which transforms his character. The ruling trait of the Chaplains personality is his pride in being an Englishman and in his aristocratic lineage. In concomitant, Shaw introduces him in the drama as a bullnecked English chaplain (Scene IV). De Stogumber contemptuously dismisses Dunois as being wholly a Frenchman (Scene IV). His pride borders on bigotry it can even be said that Shaw paints this super p atriot with more than a tactual sensation of the queer. The Chaplain definitely appears as a comic figure when he asserts that the voices heard by Joan should have spoken in English (Scene VI). His horror at Englishmen being designated as heretics is also comical. His partisan leanings lead him to accuse Bishop Cauchon of being a traitor. When the Inquisition attempts to lead Joan into repentance, de Stogumber declares, I know there is not faith in a Frenchman (Scene VI). He cannot accept the fact that we English have been defeated or bear to see my countrymen defeated by a parcel of foreigners (Scene IV). This stubborn belief in the courage and indomitability of the English leads him to search for supernatural causes for their defeat. He claims, No Englishman is ever fairly beaten (Scene IV). His blind belief in the invincibility of the English is instrumental in fanning the flames of his hatred of Joan. John de Stogumber hates Joan with a passion which is almost incomprehensibl e. He holds her responsible for the defeat of the English army and firmly believes that such a thing could only have been accomplished with the help of diabolic powers. He is willing to throw away his cassock to take arms and strangle the accursed witch with my own pass on (Scene IV). His strong language regarding Joan unequivocally demonstrates his hatred of The Maid she is an arrant witch and that slut (Scene IV). At the same time, his hatred also extends to her French nationality, and has a touch of class snobbery. He calls her a witch from lousy Champagne, and a drab from the ditches of Lorraine (Scene IV). Of all her supposed crimes, the one de Stogumber cannot bring himself to forgive is her great rebellion against England (Scene IV). Joan represents France, rebellion against the old order, and everything that is anti-English. The Chaplain hates her so much that he declares his willingness to burn her with his own hands. It is de Stogumber who rushes at her, and helps the so ldiers to push her out to the courtyard and the take chances (Scene VI). He is the foremost of her enemies. It is at the stake that John de Stogumber experiences the epiphany which transforms him. The man who shouts Light your fire, man. To the stake with her, and rushes to be the first to witness the burning, becomes the man who comes back

Electronic Art Inc. Analyst Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Electronic Art Inc. Analyst Report - Assignment ExampleToday, the caller-up is one of the largest interactive entertainments that hand with the software companies (Zippay, Lori 87). The company is located in CA 94063 in Redwood City. In 2001, Electronic Arts acquired pogo.com. Pogo is at the forefront in offering the operate of online family hazards with nearly seventeen million members who are registered. Because of the companys popularity, most leading research companies names the acquired firm as one of the stickiest web pages in 2000. But the financial details of the deal remained disclosed. In 2000, the company released The Sims, which was rated as the best-selling personal calculator game of all time. In 1998, the company announce that it had signed a deal to buy all the outstanding stock of a company called the Westwood Studios. Additionally, it bought the Virgin synergetic Entertainment studio assets. Virgin Interactive Entertainment is one of the branches of Spelling Entertainment Group. The transaction cost was valued at 122.5 million dollars. COMPANY PROFILE Ticker symbolic representation The video game maker company changed its NASDAQ stock exchange from ERTS to EA. The ticker symbol was made effective on Thursday 15th Dec 2011. Therefore, the current ticker symbol for Electronic Arts is EA Mission Statement The mission statement for Electronic Arts is We are an association of Electronic Artists who share a common goal. We exigency to fulfill the potential of personal computing. Corporate Headquarters The company is a global organization with development studios and offices that are located across the world. The company provides their employees with opportunities and avenues to leverage their talents across various locations of the world. The company makes sure that all workers in all regions are equipped with best investment, great facilities, and support to work tour maintaining team spirit and creativity. The company has united locations to generate the passion of creating great game software which fulfills the quest for entertainment (Multimedia & Graphics Software persistence Leaders & Laggards effort Center - Yahoo Finance.). Electronic Arts operates its corporate headquarters in California in Redwood Shores. Its regional headquarters is in Singapore and Geneva Switzerland. Additionally, the company has worldwide studios in the following areas United States ( Tiburon, Maxis, Mythic, Visceral Games, and All Play), Canada (All play, Bio Ware, EA Montreal, and EAC ), Europe (Galway, Criterion, Digital Illusions, Phonemic, and Bucharest), and Asia (Shanghai, Seoul, Hyderabad, Pandemic, Singapore, Melbourne) (Multimedia & Graphics Software Overview Industry Center - Yahoo Finance.). Date of Incorporation The company was founded and incorporated in 1982 May. The founder of the company was Trip Hawkins. Electronic Arts became the pioneer of the home computer games and was known for promoting the programmers and desig ners that are responsible for their own games. The company became the 3rd largest software companies for games after Activision Blizzard and Nintendo (Zippay, Lori 98). Electronic Arts Executive Name Position Andrew Wilson honcho Executive Officer Lucy Bradshaw Senior wrong President Maxis Frank Gibeau Executive Vice President EA mobile Blake Jorgensen Chief Financial Officer Joel Linzier Executive Vice Pr

Online Retailing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Retailing - Case Study ExampleThe online marketing is inspired by the development and the change magnitude of technology. Brick and mortar business is a description of the business that is entirely based on the internet differentiating from that which operates in the practical environment. Of all the methods and strategies of marketing, in that respect are values of all(prenominal) of the models (Anderson 1996). Dell Inc has adopted the online marketing and it is also working on mass customization where there is mass production of individually modified products and services to meet the several(a) customer needs. This is a more refined means of customer satisfaction where the prices are also comparable to those of standard products.Online retailing is generally adopted by traditional retailers who have widespread logistical and supply stores (Brown 2001). The most important aspect that enables success in online marketing is the fact that, traditional companies are bankrup t placed to establish an online presence than starting up a new marketing strategy from scratch. Online marketing is advantageous in existing companies which are already established and have good reputation hence customer confidence (Anderson1996). In such cases, the company retains contact with the physical enterprise and work turn out to leverage other tasks. Dell has core competencies against other companies that provide computer products and accessories. By the use of online marketing the company is able to explore these competencies more riotously and intensively (Tampa et al 2000). Since Dell is already an established company, its able to use the trust it has established with its suppliers and hence leverage the supplier networks already in place. For these reason, there will be easy deli really of products to the clients and assured supply (Brown 2001). All these smooth operations come with advantages discounts and other favoured handling.Existing distribution channels allo ws for tizzy free delivery of services and products, price discounts to the company. These will have an advantage of cutting gloomy the cost of distribution and therefore these benefits will trickle down to the customers in terms of reduced costs. Dell Inc has a well recognized brand name in the computer industry. For this reason, leveraging the brand equity is of commodious advantage over other companies that use the dot com marketing strategies, Anderson (1996).Having been in operation for quite sometime, Dell Inc is stable company that can operate online peculiarly for financial services as many people already trusts them. This also implies the company has an already established customer foundation and sales and this brings in the benefits of economies of plate in marketing, making purchases, production (Fingar et al 2000). Established companies operating online will get a chance to leverage a lower cost of capital, as bond issues will be availed to established companies (Tam pa et al 2000). The underwriting cost creating a new cop-any from the beginning as in initial public offer is very costly than the online equity offering in marketing. Every company has a set of advantages over others (competitors) and good operation practices (Fingar et al 2000). This gives established firm an advantage in online operations (online

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 4

Assignment ExampleThere may be two types of aptitude in the market Productive efficiency and Allocative efficiency.The perfectly competitive market ensures maximum efficiency. In perfectly competitive the maximum profit point is where the marginal cost is equal to marginal derive and since for them MR = AR= P. thus the profit maximisation point i.e. MC =MR also ensures MC = MU ( bell). This means that in perfectly competitive markets the marginal benefit to the parliamentary law derived by customers while consuming the product is just able to cover the marginal cost incurred by the society through the producer. Thus the marginal sacking to the society is equal to the marginal benefit to the society which is a condition for efficiency. Which is not case with imperfectly competitive markets whose MU may not equal to MC at the point of profit maximization i.e. MR = MC, as for imperfectly competitive markets MR may not be equal to AR and price. Thus MC and price may not be equal.An e xample of market very close to perfect competition is street vegetable market in developing countries. The products argon almost exchangeable and each buyer and seller is very small thus almost similar prices prevail. Thus MR = P = AR, and for profit maximization MC = MR which means MC = P (MU) which ensures utmost efficiency.Figure 1 shows the profit maximizing point for a competitive market firm. The point for profit maximization is qe, as here MR = MC and since its perfectly competitive, AR = P = MR, thus MC = P, which shows the efficiency in the market.b) The example of imperfect competition is tooth bedcover market in the US a lot of firms selling differentiated products to many buyers. In this case the firms dont sell at similar prices and their demand curves are sloping downwards thus MR falls faster than AR and P. Thus when MC comes equal to MR MC is actually less than AR which keeps the prices

Concept Analysis. The Concept of Therapuetic Relationship in Mental Essay

Concept Analysis. The Concept of Therapuetic Relationship in Mental Health Nursing - Essay ExampleIn a mental wellness setting, establishing a therapeutic relationship with the patient makes it easier to provide interventions and initiating two-way communication with the patient. Assumptions Mental health nurses hold a set of beliefs or values that guide them in their work. First, mental health is considered as a specialized area of nursing practice, education, and research (Videbeck 2010). Mental health nursing is an natural component of the mental help profession, making use of various nursing, psychosocial, and neurobiological theories, as well as research evidence towards the development of general, patient-centred mental health interventions (International Society of Psychiatric Mental Health Nurses 2011). Second, the mental health nursing practice places importance on the promotion of mental health and interventions focused on the prevention, treatment, and management of menta l disorders. Moreover, a successful therapeutic relation between patient and nurse is founded on trust and mutual respect. Establishing a therapeutic relationship with a patient is an important step towards removing the stigma and discrimination ordinarily associated with mental illness (Videbeck 2010). Third, the mental health nursing profession acknowledges the essential role of research in the development of improved mental health care approaches and interventions. Fourth, the promotion of mental health goes beyond the doors of a mental institution by encouraging society to take action and take part in shaping health and organizational policy. This can be realized by upbringing collaboration between individuals, families, communities, populations and social agencies (Videbeck 2010). Mental health nurses advocate a holistic approach, equal access to culturally competent care, protection of human rights, and safe, contributory work environments. Moreover, the mental health prof ession promotes reflective ethical practice, continuous learning, and the establishment of a moral and visionary nursing leadership that adheres to the Code of ethics for Registered Nurses (Videbeck 2010). Goals of Concept Analysis Rodgers (1989) acknowledged the importance of the development and clarification of the nursing knowledge base. Concepts are essential components required to perform specialized tasks, and any ambiguity that exists on a concept, whether by definition or attribute, would affect its effectiveness in addressing a particular situation. This is the reason why concept analysis is commonly utilized to ensure that important concepts possess a definite degree of clarity. However, the method of concept analysis in the field of nursing is not to the full understood by nurses. This is due to the fact that most nurse scholars fail to fully examine the philosophical foundations and results of concept analysis. Most nurses therefore have no clear idea how the methods of concept analysis works Meleis (2007) described the goal of concept analysis as a method of advancing a specific concept to a higher level of development. Specifically, concept analysis is performed to determine how a concept may be used in research, clinical practice, peter development, and theory testing. The most common methods utilized are Wilsons Method of Concept Analysis, an 11-step technique for clarification and conceptual communication

Client and Policy Failure Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Client and Policy Failure - Assignment ExampleBy doing so I will able to cater for the interests of my clients who are affected negatively by the policy on basements and city building codes. My responsibility is to assist clients obtain inexpensive housing that are safe and habitable, as opposed to expensive houses that lead to people living in the streets. Thus, the clients get affordable housing and the city bear free of homeless people.The action-forcing event that triggered the study was the numerous complaints made by New York residents, demanding that action to be taken concerning illegal and unsafe apartments. These individuals are taxpayers creation forced out of their homes, and owners of basement apartments being asked to dismantle their rental units, as in the case of Rakha and Mahbub who were asked to pay a penalty of $1,200, after spending more than than $4,000 upgrading a cellar apartment of their home in Queens. In addition, the supporters of legalization of baseme nt apartments such as Jerilyn Perine, a former city housing commissioner, and authentic Executive Director of the research group Citizens lodgement and Planning Council claim that the issue of basement housing and other illegal houses has to be dealt with, as soundly as the allowance of a better city planning strategies. This is in relation to the words uttered by the City Councilman Brad Lander who said he was outlining legislation in favor of the accessory housing units, and building code standards for them.The actual policy targeted for reform is the New York City Building or the Housing Maintenance Code, (ARTICLE 5- Occupancy of Cellars and Basements). That states that basements, cellars, and granny flats, should not be rented or occupied due to health and safety measures.What policy options exist for Assistant Secretary of recite for Consular Affairs Janice L. Jacobs to decrease employment visa fraud committed by U.S. based high-tech companies in response to the recent disc overy of visa fraud committed by

Descriptions of methods used to measure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Descriptions of systems used to measure - Essay ExampleThe PD bear be read forthwith from the instrument. The near PD can be measured in a similar manner by adjusting the instrument for a reasonable reading standoffishness (usually 40cm). Monocular PDs can also be taken with ease. Despite the fact that the pupilometer is the best way to measure PDs, not every sterilize has a pupilometer readily available. Practicing the method outlined above is arguably the next best method.2. Before telling the patient to aroma at his or her other center of attention, the reinstate is to note what nourish is aligned with the centre of the patients bridge of the nose. Lets say that this care for is 30mm for example. This is the monocular PD for the right eye.3. Finally the doctor directs the patient to look at his or her right eye and notices where the reflection lines up with the PD ruler. Let us say that this value is 62. To obtain the Monocular PD for the left eye, the doctor is to subtr act the value obtained from the step 2, with the value obtained here (62-30= 32). The monocular PD for the patients left eye is therefore, 32mm.2. Then the doctor glances over and sees where the reflection in the patients left eye aligns with the PD ruler without having the patient swap their gaze. Finally the doctor subtracts this value with the value that corresponds with the centre of the bridge of the patients nose. This is the near monocular PD.III. ... The PD can be read directly from the instrument. The near PD can be measured in a similar manner by adjusting the instrument for a reasonable reading distance (usually 40cm). Monocular PDs can also be taken with ease. Despite the fact that the pupilometer is the best way to measure PDs, not every doctor has a pupilometer readily available. Practicing the method outlined above is arguably the next best method.II. To distance monocular PD1. The doctor follows steps 1-4 for the total distance PD above.2. Before telling the patient to look at his or her other eye, the doctor is to note what value is aligned with the centre of the patients bridge of the nose. Lets say that this value is 30mm for example. This is the monocular PD for the right eye.3. Finally the doctor directs the patient to look at his or her right eye and notices where the reflection lines up with the PD ruler. Let us say that this value is 62. To obtain the Monocular PD for the left eye, the doctor is to subtract the value obtained from the step 2, with the value obtained here (62-30= 32). The monocular PD for the patients left eye is therefore, 32mm.Then, like in the previous method, the near monocular PD is measured1. The doctor follows steps 1 and 2 for distance monocular PD.2. Then the doctor glances over and sees where the reflection in the patients left eye aligns with the PD ruler without having the patient variety show their gaze. Finally the doctor subtracts this value with the value that corresponds with the centre of the bridge o f the patients nose. This is the near monocular PD.Recording (Distance PD in millimetres)/(Near PD in millimetres) = 64/60For monocular PDsOD (Monocular

Manifestation Music Essay Example for Free

Manifestation Music EssayRobert Allen Zimmerman, or dockage Dylan, was born to become a star. As a child he had dreamed of becoming a musical icon which he tried to achieve during his younger years. As part of his ambition to become a noteworthy musician and icon, at age ten, Bob Dylan started to write poems and even taught himself to play the guitar and piano (Millar n. p). His musical style was primarily influenced by Elvis Presley, Little Richard, and Jerry leeward Lewis which became apparent in the progression of his career. The drive and passion of Bob Dylan in pursuing his musical career escalated when he went to the University of Minnesota where he began to consider the folks and rock songs of artists such as Hank Williams, Woody Guthrie and Robert Johnson (Millar n. p). During his college years, he had a hard time attending schools because of his preoccupation in music. He finally dropped out of college to observe his dreams. When Bob finally had his break in 1961, he first played folk songs instead of his own desired genre.His first album was not how he expected it to be because he really wanted to do his own songs. However, Bob Dylan turned his situation around in the next albums that he made. His win songs were basically inspired by the profound political activism of the young people during the 1960s (Lemieux 1). The people were very empowered to make a stand and do to the pressing capers of the society like gender, class, and race. This escalating emotion ultimately paved the way for mass kvetchs and movements for social change.These situations during the 60s also influenced the music of Bob Dylan which is distinctively political in nature. Although Bob would assert that he is more of a social commentator, the people listening to his music are actually receiving a different vibe or perspective (Lemieux 1). Bob Dylans Music One of Bob Dylans most famous songs, Blowin in the Wind, became an anthem in Americas 1960 counterculture. He wrote it during the Vietnam War era as a response to the eventualities and casualties of that period in Ameri rear history (Mason n.p). The song greatly depicts Bob Dylans observation of the political and social status of the society and how the people tends to shrug-off the escalating problem in the Vietnam crisis which eventually worsened. This is perceived in the second stanza of the song stating Yes, n how many ears must one man have Before he can hear people cry? Yes, n how many deaths will it take till he knows That too many people have died? The closure, my friend, is blowin in the wind, The answer is blowin in the wind. (Dylan n. p)Aside from the song Blowin in the Wind, Bob Dylan also created another politically inclined song entitled The Times They Are A-Changin (Mason n. p). The song, which was actually compose after John F. Kennedy was assassinated also became significant as it expresses the confidence and the hope perceived in the political and social movements during the 6 0s. As observed in the song, the singer is inviting the people from different walks of life to come together and pursue the future with a glimmer of hope and unity.Moreover, in the latter part of the song, Bob Dylan gave a great amount of effort in creating a beautiful lyrical stanza which encourages the people never to give up and continue looking for the silver grey lining in their current social instability. Bob Dylan is indeed a great singer during his time. His passion for music and empowering lyrics really enabled the people to make a difference and stand firm for what they believe is right. It is also because of the socio-political awareness imparted by Bob Dylans songs that he was seen by the society as a great protest singer and an inspirational person as well.Works Cited Dylan, Bob. Blowin in the Wind. 1962. 16 May 2008 http//bobdylan. com/songs/blowin. html. Lemieux, Nicole. Bob Dylan and the Sixties A Social Commentary Reflecting Politics and Existentialism. Diss. ill -use University, 2006. Mason, Catharine. Bob Dylan A Biography. March 2005. Bob Dylans Performance Artistry. 16 May 2008 http//www. unicaen. fr/musa/bob_dylan/bio. htm. Millar, BJ. The Life of Bob Dylan. n. d. 16 May 2008 http//www. angelfire. com/on/dylan/bio. html.

Crucible Analyzing John Proctor Essay Example for Free

Crucible Analyzing gutter Proctor EssayAnalyzing John Proctor as a Tragic Hero In the Crucible, a make by Arthur Miller, John Proctor is the tragic maven. A tragic hero is defined as someone who has great courage that ends up dying at the end of the story. The reason John Proctor is the tragic hero of this play is because he has so much to lose.John Proctor fulfills my requirements of a tragic hero through knocked out(p) the play. He decides to go to court and expose the girls. The girls turn on him and he gets accused. He is only trying to do well, but gets falsely accused. John Proctor is also a very intelligent man who can detect others as organism fraudulent, however he questions his own moral. He questions himself because of his social function with Abigail which was his only flaw throughout the play. In spite of this I still consider him an honorable man.Another thing he did was but his wife from being put to death, and also refusing to confess practicing magnetisecr aft. He proves he is a tragic hero when he explains to the judge that since he gave his soul to leave his name. With this plea, Proctor has eliminated in all hopes of living and has established himself as the tragic hero.John Proctor is a man of sufficient stature in that he is given the choice to save himself at the end of the play, but does not. He does keep his affair secretive, but that is only thing that made him seem like the villain. He did not be to die at the end of the play, but that is one of the requirements to make him considered a tragic hero. Proctor serves as the voice of justice in the play. He came out and told everyone about Abigail falsely accusing others of being witches. He also came out and ripped the warrant and told the men to leave. In the end, he comes close to confessing being a witch but realizes it disgraces his good name, which is all his children will know him by.The issues leading to John Proctors death are not universal. I believe that he should n ot boast been the one getting the punishment in the end, but that is why he is the tragic hero. Throughout the play he was a man of integrity and nobleness. He confessed to practicing witchcraft, in which he reallydidnt. This is why he died saving his wife from death.

Honor Thy Children Essay Example for Free

Honor Thy Children EssayOverall the concord Honor Thy Children by Molly Fumia was great. There were points in this book that just tugged at my heart. For case when the Nakatanis found pop out that their middle password Greg was shot and killed. There were also points in this book that I felt if I had been in their position, I would be in a great deal of pain and misery and would not know how to work through all that had happened. I thought that Al and Jane were brave parents to endure the deaths of their three sons. This book by far was the most interesting non-fiction book I have read. This book would move the heart of any individual that read it.The best thing about this book by far is how the parents have persevered throughout all these events that has happened to their family. From the running away of Glen, the murder of their son Greg, the finding out that their sons Glen and Guy were gay and their contraction of HIV, and also the death of them. They had to have heavy hearts after all of this happened, and yet they still go through all the HIV campaigning to show us how dangerous this disease is. A thing I did not like about this book is that there were very little happy things that happened to this family.I also thought that it was hard to keep track of the Nakatanis children because all of their names were so similar. If I were to tier this book, I would give it an A++ because this is a very good book and shows that humans have the will to push through any obstacle. Even though they have gone through all of that God did not give them a break and show them mercy. Despite their hard troubles, they pushed through all the distress and despair and turned it around to help other people not make the same mistakes as them.This would definitely be a book I would recommend to people because there are very good aliveness lessons in it. For instance, there is a limit to strict parenting, choosing your words correctly (Greg), and when face with the wor st of situations there is always something you can do about it. It also demonstrates that when a child is is pain and dying, parents always want to try and help to do whats best for them, even at the expense of their own self. I think this book would be for ages 15 and up because there are things that would be hard to understand for someone of a young age.Also I feel that the person reading it should have some respect for gays, lesbians, etc. other than reading this book would be pointless. The book and movie were great to say the least. It taught me to accept who you are and that death is not the end. Memories can carry on and learn others how to deal with the loss of your loved ones. This book allowed me to take a glimpse into the Nakatanis life and how they dealt with the loss and the grief that followed. Honor Thy Children taught me that no matter what life throws at you there are always ways to overcome these challenges.The thing I thought was most interesting was Guy will to go out to speak even while confined to a wheelchair. He had the courage to go out in the state he was in and speak. The person I identify most with in this story would be Greg. I identify with Greg the most because he was the middle son, a macho, speak his mind kind of person. The person I would identify least with would be Guy. I identify least with him because if I had gotten HIV and knew I was dying I would probably hate the humankind and seclude myself and not really try to do anything.This book did not really impact my life because even though it was a great book, it did not really apply that much to my life. I think that, because I have not had something similar happen to me, I have no gay or lesbian friends and I also do not know anyone with a serious disease. I think that the only things that would apply to me would be the Asian/Hawaiian culture, the dealing with the death of a loved one, and parenting. Their culture is exactly like mine because I am Japanese and I was born and raised in Hawaii. In our culture we are taught to respect your elders and listen to them.I also felt that the Nakatanis dealt with the death of their sons better than I would have. When my brother and grandparents died I had a hard time and at some points I went through a period of depression that lasted a month in which I did not attend. It make me feel that I should have been a better grandchild and brother because I caused them a lot of trouble. The parenting part got to me because I was lucky that my parents, who were somewhat strict, were not as strict as the Nakatanis. This helped me learn to appreciate my parents more.

Analysis of Economies of Scale

Analysis of Economies of ScaleGONZALO PARENTEQUESTION 1 ECONOMIES OF SCALE cargo enraptures is an immense constancy requiring huge fiscal investments and continuous development. Therefore, it has start an ideal game field to go and implement economies of cuticle. Any minor achievement on this will lowly an impressive extra benefit in terms of cost reduction and efficiency gains. However, when economies of scale be managed under vituperate merchandise place perspectives it nates gene score catastrophic results affecting for example ports tractableness and their commercial feasibility (e.g. congestion at terminal, boondocks) (P. Rodrigue, 2014).It is important to highlight that different exile segments require different st rategies due to variations on operations and infrastructure. Therefore, it can be found different enterping niches where economies of scale can be appliedBigger capacity leads to dis rescripteder cost per unitBenefits, in terms of be per unit, appe nd with ships capacity. If a comparison, in terms of operating costs, is made among a TTT class and a untried Panamax watercraft, it can be seen that megaships would be 30% cheaper than medium size vessels ($100/TEU) (P. Rodrigue, 2014).Bigger ships carry less go off economic consumptionIt is known that fuel consumption counts around 45%-50% of operating costs. raw ships have led to a reduction on fuel consumption turning the ecstasy industry into a more cyberspaceable business. Under prescript conditions, megaships consume 164 tons of fuel per day, being 35% lower than a medium size vessel (P. Rodrigue, 2015).Low speed (Slow locomoteing) excessively annuls fuel consumptionDuring the crisis of 2008-9 a new sailing approach came up, Slow steaming, reducing the speed to 18-20 Knots aiming to lower the fuel consumption. It enabled the grocery to absorb the oer-fleet capacity during periods of slack demand, without impact in port congestion thanks to keep the fleet port cal l frequency. While a Post Panamax consumes 230 tons per day sailing at 24 Knots/hour, at 21 Knots/hour it would burn 150 tons per day (33% less) (P. Rodrigue, 2015).New shipbuilding techniques mean vessels being built rapidlyIt has let ship-owners increase their fleets in a much reduced time at very low prices, taking advantage of the market conditions at all times. It is frugality of scale applied to ship design. For example the new ships price fall betwixt 2008 and 2009 was due to the appearance of revolutionary techniques offering new ships at very low prices (Stopford, 2009).Vessels specialization leads to market flexibilityNot only economies of scale scarcely withal economies of scope ar encompassed by ship specialization. role In order to fight against the inefficiency generated by bulk carriers sailing in ballast, a new specialized vessel came up called Multi-purpose. In terms of economies of scale, a multi-purposes vessel was an innovated idea due to the wide range of rights that it can accommodate at the same time, adapting it to the market conditions at all the moments without concerning about the port features, season, trends etc (Stopford, 2009).New technology and discourse equipment speed up port operationsOperating mega vessels under high levels of productivity/efficiency requires sophisticated handling equipment. TTT vessels can be operated by 7 cranes at once (251 TEU/hour) while NewPanamax vessels need 6 cranes to handle 140 TEU/hour (Stopford, 2009).As a conclusion, the application of economies of scale to the transit industry has led to a positive impact on the global economy.QUESTION 2 COST ELEMENTS OF SHIPPINGWhen talking about tape drive costs, both chief(prenominal) types of costs essential be always taken into account voyage related costs and no-voyage related costs. However, a better way to conceive how different costs work in the shipping industry is by classifying them into capital, operating and voyage costs (ICS 2012, 2103 Plymouth university -Mr Adkins, 2014).The capital costs ar fixed costs directly related to the vessels purchase. These costs be part of the owners responsibility. Some of these costs arePre- auction pitch costs the cost of transporting the vessel from the shipyard (e.g. japan) to the delivery point (e.g. Rotterdam).Loan repayment it involves all the money that the shipowner must pay back to the bank.Leasing charges refer to the cost that shipowners must pay to the lessor e.g. TC for capesize, 5 years = $10500 per day.Depreciation it refers to the decline in time value of the vessel or any new(prenominal) infrastructure. Depreciation depends on the cost of the asset, the expected salvage value of the asset, the estimated life of the asset. Vessels life aprox. 25 years.Operating costs can be divided into four groups crew costs, repair and maintainace, insurance and administration.Crew costs take on the seafarers wages (Not the same for Philippines, American or Greeks), the travel costs (Not the same from UK to Rotterdam than UK to Italy), crew training (Depends on flag state/ship registries), medical inspections, recruitment process, insurances for crew accidents.Repair and maintenance costs include the maintenance of engines and other equipment, replacement of vessels parts. For old vessels, it counts even 14% of operating costs.Insurance costs The two compulsory insurances that every vessel must have are the 2/3 hull and machinery and the 1/3 third party liability.Administration costs consists of communication costs agents in port, or shore based administration and management charges.The voyage costs are one of the almost important costs that shipowners must take into account when planning voyages. It is commonly known as voyage estimation.Fuel charges include the fuel price, the engine big businessman and efficiency, the design and state of hull and the ships speed.Port charges include the port dues which is the general use of port facilities ( depends on raft of cargo, weight of cargo, gross tonnage and net tonnage).Service charges which include the pilotage, towage and cargo handling. Canal charges refer to the price vessels have to pay to ship across these short cuts.Please see below a good example of voyage estimation (Private data from Shipbroking firm)Vessel 8.000 TEURoute Shanghai-Rotterdam (12.000 miles and 100% load factor). hit price = $650Ship cost = $100mContainers = $20mOperating costs = $8.500Value of cargo = $60.000 per TEUAnnual interest rate = 3%Emission cost = $30 per element 109 of fuel consumedFreight rate = $800 per TEUA ship is considered profitable when after taking into account capital, operating and voyage costs, still generate profits for the shipowner. This profit directly depends in the market level and freight rates. It is not the same to fix a vessel for WS50 than for WS80.Sometimes, it happens that freight rates vary for the same vessel size. One of the main factors is the geography. Depe nding on the demand for vessels in those specific markets, some shipowners will be willing to accept higher or lower freight rates. . For example A vessel operating in Cross-MED for WS50 and a vessel operating UKC-ARA for WS80. In order to make your vessel more profitable, some strategies can be applied to seek economies of scale. Nowadays, one of the most popular seems to be slow steaming.QUESTION 3. WORLD MERCHANT FLEET, STRUCTURE AND COMPOSITIONAs seen, shipping is a global industry formed by a sum of different sub-markets. This question is focuse on the bulk market and the main deflexions between three of the biggest segments tanker, dry bulk and containers. When looking at different shipping segments, it is important to analyze not only the travel plans of distributively segment but also the type and vessel size used in each of the markets.For liquid bulk cargoes, the type of vessel used is known as tanker vessels. Tankers are divided in two main groups crude oil colour tan kers and product tankers (ICS, 2015).Crude oil tankers range from 80.000-120.000 dwt (Aframax), 120.000-200.000 (Suezmax), to 200.000-500.000 dwt (VLCCs-ULCCs). The main routes are AG-USG, AG-China, AG-Japan and AG-ARA-UKC (ICS, 2014).Product tankers range from 10.00-42.000 dwt (Handy), 42.000-60.000 dwt (MR), 60.000-120.000 dwt (LR1-LR2). The main routes are USA-UKC for Diesel, NE to USG-N. America for gasoline and AG-China/Japan/ARA for Naphtha. For the product industry it is important to take into account the refineries location (ICS, 2015).The main features of crude oil and chemical products are that must be stored into tanks, handled by pumping and in some cases can be corrosive and toxic.For dry bulk cargoes, the type of vessel used is known as dry bulk ships. Some of the main features of this cargoes are that are shipped in large quantities and handled with automated equipment like belts and conveyors. The size of the vessel usually varies with the dish out good transported . These are the most important commodities in the dry bulk industry (ICS, 2013 E. Branch, 2012).Iron ore primary(prenominal) routes Brazil to China-W. Europe (Panamax)- Australia to Japan/China (Panamax). defenseless material of steelmaking. Major importers, it changes with countries development. China, Japan and USA are considered the three bigger consumers. Major exporters, Australian, Brazil, India or South Africa. Key players Vale, BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto, ArcelorMittal, Metalloinvest, Anglo American. Ports/Terminals Itaqui, Tubarao, Sepetiba, Ponta do Uba, Dampier, Port Walcott.Coal main(prenominal) routes Australia to Japan/W.EU S.Africa to EU (Handymax), Columbia to W.EU (Panamax). Raw material of steelmaking as well as fuel for generating power. There are two main types Cocking coal and steam coal. Coking coal Australia is the conceptions largest exporter. Steam coal Australia Indonesia larger exporters. Major coal importers are Europe and Japan (43% of the worlds coal imports).Grain Main routes US to S.America/Japan/Asian countries (Panamax), Argentina to Brazil (Handysize). Wheat, maize, rice, barley, soya etc. They all seasonal and irregular in volume and route. Major importer Japan, China, Russia, EU, N. Africa, Brazil, Middle East countries. Main exporters Canada, N.S. America, Australia.The last group are the containerships. Containerships have been positively affected by technologic improvements such as containerization or automization. Vessels range from -1000 TEU (Small feeder), 1.000-2.000 TEU (Feeder), 2.000-3.000 (Feedermax), 3.000-5.000 Panamax, 5.000-10.000 TEU (Post Panamax), 10.000-15.000 TEU (New Panamax), +14.000 (ULCV) (ICS, 2015).The main routes for containerships are from F.EAST to EU and US (Panamax, Post Panamax), USA to China (Panamax and Post Panamax) and from USA to EU (Post Panamax and smaller) (ICS, 2015).It is interesting to highlight that companies are struggling on the picture voyage from West to East. It makes ope rators to find different ways to optimize the empty containers in order to avoid the loss of marginal profit.QUESTION 4. SUPPLY AND DEMAND AND ITS IMPACT ON warhead RATES (Based on my dissertation)The shipping industry is a global-scale industry ruled by a combination of factors in charge of determining market trends, market levels and cycles. The publish and demand for vessels will establish the shipping market balance.The mechanism used to link the supply and demand in this industry is known as freight rates. Freight rates reflects the balance of ships and cargoes available in the market at a certain time (Stopford, 2009). Too many ships usually mean low freight rates, and too few ships usually mean high freight rates. Once freight rates are established, charterers and shipowners adjust to them, bringing the supply and demand into balance (Stopford, 2009). The Baltic Exchange is the organization in charge of providing, in co-operation with top shipping companies, daily reports f or different markets and vessels sizes (BDTI TD1, TD6).In terms of the shipping market model, 5 supply and 5 demand factors strongly influence the freight rates.On the demand side, one of the most important variables is the world economy and, especially, the global business cycles and local development trends (emerging economies-Nigeria). World economy plays an important role when determining the price of commodities and also when setting the freight rates that buyers and sellers are able to pay to transport them. Another two key factors to achieve economies of scale are the average haul distance and the amount of cargo shipped per voyage. haphazard economic shocks (2008 crisis) have also a majuscule weight in shipping demand. As these shocks affect demand and people economic power, freight prices are reduced as the demand for these commodities is considerably reduced. And, last but not least, transport costs encompassing capital, voyage and operational costs (ICS, 2015 Stopford, 2009 Lectures given by Jonathan Challecombe International Shipping and Maritime Management and Markets).On the supply side, the new buildings and scrapping activities are essential to adjust the market balance. New buildings increase the fleet supply, big(p) freight rates. Scrapping reduces the fleet supply, increasing freight rates. Fleet productivity is another factor which is focused in vessels efficiency. In a profuse pace market, speed and waiting times are crucial for business profitability. The last variable is the freight revenue. For example in markets with strong trends, shipowners may pass over their vessels life or purchase second-hand vessels to take advantage of the market while in markets ruled by weak trends, old ships are scrapped 10 or 15 years before their commercial life ends (ICS, 2015 Stopford, 2009 Lectures given by Jonathan Challecombe International Shipping and Maritime Management and Markets).For example it is good to understand what is going with the c urrent dry bulk and container markets. The very low freight rates experienced during the last few months are caused by the perfect difference in terms of fleet growth (+) and the fleet demand (-). This situation has led to overcapacity.As a conclusion and in order to frame again a balanced industry, shipping companies should follow a new tool true by BIMCO known as Zero supply growth. It in the main require shipowners to neutralize the delivery of new vessels every year by scrapping an equal amount of capacity from the existing fleet (BIMCO, 2016). Mergers and acquisitions are also ample strategies although will lead to a more monopolized market.QUESTION 6. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GLOBAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND SEABORNE TRADEAs a derived demand, nautical shipping is shaped by worldwide macroeconomic conditions.Although shipping market is very complex we can say that there are five major(ip) factors which rule the demand for shipping transport costs, seaborne commodity trades, ave rage haul, random shocks and world economy, which is the most important one (Stopford, 2009). World economy impacts on the demand for shipping mainly through the business cycle and the trade development cycle.Business cycle lays the foundation for shipping cycle, so that fluctuations in the rate of world economic growth cause a cyclical pattern of demand for shipping.There is a close relationship between the growth rate of shipping and the world GDP, what becomes realise if you see how both parameters have closely changed over the recent history. It is not surprising given that world economy generates the most of demand for shipping by importing raw materials for manufacturing or exporting manufactured products.Another side of the relationship between macroeconomics and shipping is the seaborne commodity trades, which can be divided into short-term and long term.Seasonality of some trades is an important cause of short-term volatility. For instance, many agricultural commodities ar e linked to seasonal reasons, caused by harvest. But in the oil business there also is a cycle that reflects the seasonal fluctuation in energy consumption in western sandwich countries. Seasonality has a great impact on spot market ( alter and wet bulk) (ICS, 2015).The precipitates of raw materials (mainly ores and crude oil) follow a shipping pattern from developing countries towards developed countries. Transports terminals in developing countries are specialized in loading raw materials while developed countries unload are focused on unloading.On the other hand, the flows of manufactured goods mainly concerned developed countries, but it is changing due to the effects of globalized manufacturing processes. We have a new geography of global trade, which can be depicted quite accurately by maritime shipping routes. Developing countries are no longer just the suppliers of high volume-low value raw materials, but instead now also import large volumes of oil, iron ore, and participa te in global value drawing strings and the globalized production of manufactured goods (Stopford, 2009).As a result, developing countries are emerging as major world exporters and importers. They have also become main players in globalized manufacturing processes.As an instance we can observe that the growing energy needs of developing countries and the expansion of South-South trade are contributing to recharging tanker shipping and trade maps, supported by the US schema to get its energy independence.QUESTION 7. ESTIMATING AND FORECASTINGIt is tell that information is the most important variable that make shipping companies win or lose. Currently, technology has raise companies to get information from the market, global economy and many other factors in order to make an accurate market estimation and take advantage of it (Stopford, 2009).However, it is said that not all information is reliable, creating uncertainty among shipping players. It is why not only shipowners but als o charterers, traders, operators and even brokers must have a clear network to get daily outlooks of what is going on in the market at every confront.Some of the most common information lines areShipping institutions BIMCO, IMO, ICS, BALTIC EXCHANGEBroking companies PLATEAU DAILY REPORTSNewspapers, magazinesQUESTION 9. RISK MANAGEMENTA popular strategy used in the shipping industry to reduce the effects of volatile markets is known as sand trap hedge. It consists in a fuel price analysis and it is used with the purpose of reducing the gilds exposure to volatile bunker costs and eliminating the risk of companies bunker budgets getting out of control (Mercatus, 2016).Swap is one of the most popular uses when bunker hedge (Mercatus, 2016). It allows the buyer to hedge his bunker exposure by fixing the price he pays for fuel at a predefined level, over a predefined period of time. dickens different scenarios can be foundScenario 1 It is when fuel prices move from below the swap e xecution price. As a financial compensation, the shipping company has to pay back the difference between the market price and the swap price to his trading counterparty in order to offset low prices in the market (C, Cheetham, 2013).Scenario 2 It is when fuel prices move above the swap execution price. As a financial compensation, the shipping line has to receive the difference between the market price and the swap price from his trading counterparty in order to offset high prices in the market (C, Cheetham, 2013).A great forecasting job must be done before entering into a bunker hedging agreement. Shipping companies need to be sure in terms of future bunker prices trends. Related factors such as new oil fields, global trade and international regulations must be always taken into account. When properly managed, bunker hedging can lead companies to generate bigger profits as the exposure to fuel prices fluctuations is removed.A freight derivate contract is defined as a financial cont ract between two different parties, where future prices for transporting goods by sea are agreed. Freight derivate contracts are usually divided into two main groups anterior Freight Agreement (FFA) and Freight Swap Agreement (FSA) (Baltic Exchange, 2016). These derivate contracts are used by charterers and shipowners in order to hedge against fluctuations in freight rates. The main difference between the FFAs and FSAs is the assumption of risk. With FSA risk for both parties, with FFA risk assumed by the counterparty. FFAs cover the route, settlement date, contract size and contract rate.Lastly, the main difference between hedging and speculation is that speculation involves an activity to make profit and hedging only attempts to reduce economic business risk.QUESTION 10. OTHER SEGMENTS AND SPECIALIZED CARGOESLNG stands for turn Natural Gas and it is considered the third major energy source carried by sea, after oil and coal. It is one of the most environmentally friendly energy source which is mainly used for power generation and for the domestic use. LNG is considered a hazardous cargo which requires coated tanks and isolated facilities at port in order to safely handle its extremely low temperature (ICS, 2015 Stopford, 2009 Energy Annual Reports, 2016).LNG is usually transported by Very Large Gas Carriers for very long voyages. LNG can be also transported via pipelines, although for that liquefaction is needed.The transport of LNG includes four different activitiesTransportation of LNG from gas fields to plants, via pipeline.Methane gas is separated from other substances and stored for sea transportation.LNG loaded into ships.Receive and store LNG at delivery terminals.The LNG costs are divided in the following proportions 15% production, 40% liquefaction, 25% sea transport, 20% regasification.It is important to highlight that LNG trade is conducted with long-term contracts (Bareboat or Time Charters) with fixed prices.Main exporters Iran, Qatar and Russ ia in less scale Africa, Asia, North and South America and the EU.Main importers USA, EU, Japan, S. Korea and China.QUESTION 11. PORT DEVELOPMENTIn order to better understand how ports and terminals develop, it is fundamental to focus in a specific port. In my case, the Port of Rotterdam has been chosen as it was one of my research topics at university.As shipowning companies, ports and terminals are in continuous development process where technology and efficiency improvement are always sought. Time reduction when loading and unloading, port accessibility, hinterland connections and the ability of create economies of scale in terms of cargo handling and cargo storage are some of the main reasons why ports have recrudesce from individual specialized terminals to huge multipurpose shipping hubs where not only shipping but also logistics activities are carried out(Notteboom and Rodrigue, 2004). It has led to improve the supply chain and the instalment of strategies such as JIT (Just in time). Spatial relationships between terminals are key points in port competition. In order to explore how terminals should interact with each other, two main concepts are highlighted centrality intermediacy (Notteboom and Rodrigue, 2005). Centrality places terminals as a point of origin and destination traffic. It involves intermodal activities and generates economic activities in its vicinity. Intermediacy sees terminals as an intermediate point in the flow of freight. It could also be a good point to exploit transshipment (Notteboom and Rodrigue, 2005).The main reasons why some ports stop developing when they reach a certain stage are lack of green fields to build new terminals (Eg, Southampton Port or the ICTT Terminal, Vallarpadam-India) and the strong competition from terminal global terminal operators such as Dubai Ports World and APM (Venugopal, 2014).For example, the Port of Rotterdam has been working for a long time in two main expansion projects. Firstly, Maasvlakte I which was completed few years ago, and Maasvlakte II which is still on-process. In terms of space, the Port of Rotterdam will gain a total of 20%-22% extra space to allocate the forecasted rising number of containers and elevate a more viable multimodal system. Economies of scale are achieved by the great number of containers that it is able to handle. Thanks to its dimensions, total costs are divided over more than 11.5 million TEU they handle every year. The provision of customer focused services as well as 24/7 cargo handling and storing activities enhance the port to provide a reduction on vessels turnaround times what leads to better productivity. Last but not least, the law of proximity of the dry bulk and tanker terminals to key production and storing points give the port an important comparative advantage. It minimizes costs and increases safety and efficiency in terms of time. The great connections with the hinterland and foreland makes this port a global shipping choke point (Notteboom and Rodrigue, 2004).In order to tarry globally competitive, attract foreign trade and increase the total volume of exports and imports, countries have to encourage private operators to invest in national ports infrastructure including port configuration, handling equipment and port connectivity.QUESTION 12 THE CONTAINER SHIPPING MARKETOver the years, container shipping lines have placed increasing amounts of hope in the notion that the trading growth being experienced in emerging markets would improve the demand of containerships. However, as a large number of Super-Post Panamax containerships (ULCV) of size between 13,000 19,000 TEUs being introduced to the market, increasing the current total capacity of world containership in service to 18.2 million TEUs the overcapacity issue looks set to continue in 2015, although less severe than year 2009. Currently, the largest containership recorded in the industry are the sister vessel MSC Oscar and MSC Oliver with the size of 19,224 TEU (Lloyds List, 2016). The market is expecting to see more of such vessels magnitude being built and deliver in the near future.In terms of global trends ruling the containers supply and demand, some facts can be highlighted1. Containers overcapacity Timing is one of the main factors when referring to the shipping supply and demand. As great expectations were placed into the current market, many shipowners purchased bigger and more sophisticated vessels, which nowadays cant be employed.2. Emerging economies power demand for shipments Containerships owners can still find a glimpse of light for this market in emerging economies. For example, Nigeria will see its population grow by 275 million by 2050. It gives an idea of the shipping potential of this emerging economies/countries.3.Cargo adaptation to the container shipping method containerization. Cargo can be directly shipped from the mill to the consignee, or even to the customer, making the shipping industry more efficient and safer.4.Sustainability and environmentally friend New trends have come up concerning about environment issues. It has radically affected the cost for carriers and consequently the vessels supply and demand (CSR).5.Customer focus and new technology Development in technology mainly seeks meekness with new regulations and cost-efficiencies. The current lack of transparency along the supply chain can affect either supply as demand due to wrong market forecast or unforeseen constraints.The East-West trade is mainly driven by the import demand of products from China and India to Europe. However, companies are struggling on the return voyage from West to East. It makes operators to find different ways to optimize the empty containers in order to avoid the loss of marginal profit. In order to remain competitive, operators will have to follow some tendencies which will shape the container industry (ICS, 2015)Cost reduction and vessel optimization can be achieved through formin g shipping alliances between containership operators. The alliance agreements generally cover areas such as the type and size of vessel to be employed on each route itineraries port rotations, chartering of ships feeder services and the coordination of inland services. 2M, O3, G6 alliance and the CKYHE. Slow steaming can be also applied (Lloyds List, 2016)Another way is the slot chartering By leasing out part of the vessels slot during the return voyage from Europe to Far-East, operators can obtain optimum efficiency of fleet operation and to maximize slot utilization (Lloyds List, 2016).And last but not least, cost-savings measure adopted by operators is through the use of longer routes in the East-West trade. For instance, instead of using the Suez Canal, ship operators may choose to travel by a longer sea route through the Cape of Good Hope enabling operators to accommodate superfluous ships with a similar frequency of port calls and reducing the overcapacity issue.Reference Lis tAlan Jugovic (2015 ) Scientific Journal of Maritime Research 29, 23-29BIMCO (2016) BIMCO market analysis 31 whitethorn 2016. Available file///C/Users/gonzalo/Downloads/BIMCO_Road_to_Recovery_for_the_dry_bulk_market_FINAL%20(1).pdfBaltic Exchange (2016) FFAs. Available https//www.balticexchange.com/ffa/C. Cheetham (2013) Introduction to Bunker Hedging Tools Swaps. Available http//shipandbunker.com/news/features/risk-management/120043-introduction-to-bunker-hedging-tools-swapsE.Branch (2012) Elements of Shipping Routledge 7th editionICS (2012) Dry Cargo Chartering. 2012 edn. Livingston Witherby Shipping Business.ICS (2013) Shipping business. 2013 edn. 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